{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:24:18Z","timestamp":1773998658668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["42261144746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261144746"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["2023LHMS04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LHMS04002"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFSH0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFSH0091"]}]},{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["JMRKX202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRKX202207"]}]},{"name":"Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["42261144746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261144746"]}]},{"name":"Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"]}]},{"name":"Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2023LHMS04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LHMS04002"]}]},{"name":"Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2022YFSH0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFSH0091"]}]},{"name":"Mongolian Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["JMRKX202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRKX202207"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["42261144746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261144746"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2023LHMS04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LHMS04002"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2022YFSH0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFSH0091"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["JMRKX202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRKX202207"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["42261144746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261144746"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2023LHMS04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LHMS04002"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2022YFSH0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFSH0091"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["JMRKX202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRKX202207"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["42261144746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261144746"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2023LHMS04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LHMS04002"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["2022YFSH0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFSH0091"]}]},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region","award":["JMRKX202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRKX202207"]}]},{"name":"Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2014Class B","award":["42261144746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42261144746"]}]},{"name":"Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2014Class B","award":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC_2_2022\/01"]}]},{"name":"Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2014Class B","award":["2023LHMS04002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023LHMS04002"]}]},{"name":"Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2014Class B","award":["2022YFSH0091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFSH0091"]}]},{"name":"Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\u2014Class B","award":["JMRKX202207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRKX202207"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sand and dust storms (SDSs) are particularly concerning natural disasters in East Asia. At present, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics of the cross-border SDSs between Mongolia and Northern China and the associated weather systems. This study identifies and documents the spring cross-border SDSs between Mongolia and Northern China based on the MODIS AOD map and Himawari-8\/9 dust RGB images and analyzes the corresponding weather system types. A total of 76 spring cross-border SDSs were identified during 2000\u20132023, accounting for 55.1% of the total SDSs in both countries. The vast majority of the cross-border SDSs (86.8%) were related to Mongolian cyclones (MCs). Among them, 53.9% of the cross-border SDSs were mainly driven by Mongolian cyclones alone, and 32.9% were driven by the combination of MCs and cold highs (MC-CH type). Significant differences in the horizontal distribution of the SDSs were observed for different weather types. MCs alone trigger SDSs in the southern halves of the MCs, so the horizontal extent of the SDSs is consistent with that of MCs but larger than that associated with cold fronts. For the MC-CH type, strong winds in the southern flanks of MCs and their rear cold highs jointly drive a large-scale zonally extensive SDS belt. In recent years, particularly in 2021 and 2023, the strong cross-border SDSs have been dominated by the MC\u2013CH type. This study provides a reference for the forecasting and early identification of cross-border SDS disasters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T10:42:34Z","timestamp":1718361754000},"page":"2164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cross-Border Sand and Dust Storms between Mongolia and Northern China in Spring and Their Driving Weather Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Asia","family":"Borjigin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6924-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cholaw","family":"Bueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2280-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing & Geography Information System, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}]},{"given":"Gomboluudev","family":"Purevjav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5982-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuowei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02873145","article-title":"Regional characteristics of dust events in China","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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