{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T03:19:49Z","timestamp":1771989589689,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA)","award":["NE\/M009106\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/M009106\/1"]}]},{"name":"Global Environment Centre (GEC) of Malaysia","award":["NE\/M009106\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/M009106\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"STARS Doctoral Training Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/M009106\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/M009106\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia have experienced widespread subsidence due to forest clearance and drainage for agriculture, oil palm and pulp wood production, causing concerns about their function as a long-term carbon store. Peatland drainage leads to subsidence (lowering of peatland surface), an indicator of degraded peatlands, while stability\/uplift indicates peatland accumulation and ecosystem health. We used the Advanced Pixel System using the Intermittent SBAS (ASPIS-DInSAR) technique with biophysical and geographical data to investigate the impact of peatland drainage and agriculture on spatial patterns of subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia. Results showed pronounced subsidence in areas subjected to drainage for agricultural and oil palm plantations, while stable areas were associated with intact forests. The most powerful predictors of subsidence rates were the distance from the drainage canal or peat boundary; however, other drivers such as soil properties and water table levels were also important. The maximum subsidence rate detected was lower than that documented by ground-based methods. Therefore, whilst the APSIS-DInSAR technique may underestimate absolute subsidence rates, it gives valuable information on the direction of motion and spatial variability of subsidence. The study confirms widespread and severe peatland degradation in Selangor, highlighting the value of DInSAR for identifying priority zones for restoration and emphasising the need for conservation and restoration efforts to preserve Selangor peatlands and prevent further environmental impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T11:42:03Z","timestamp":1718883723000},"page":"2249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring Spatial Patterns of Tropical Peatland Subsidence in Selangor, Malaysia Using the APSIS-DInSAR Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5642-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betsab\u00e9","family":"de la Barreda-Bautista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha J.","family":"Ledger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Sj\u00f6gersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terra Motion Limited, Ingenuity Centre, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Sowter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terra Motion Limited, Ingenuity Centre, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Service, Natural England, Lateral House, 8 City Walk, Leeds LS11 9AT, UK"},{"name":"School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Large","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RG, UK"}]},{"given":"Chris D.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9116-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Tansey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Evers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3040-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doreen S.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2017.09.010","article-title":"PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/07900620500405973","article-title":"Interrelationships between hydrology and ecology in fire degraded tropical peat swamp forests","volume":"22","author":"Gevers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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