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Therefore, there is an urgent need for better detection of coral reef bleaching in a time- and cost-saving manner. In recent years, remote sensing technology has often been utilized and gained recognition for coral reef bleaching detection. However, bleaching corals in the water always have weak spectral change signals, causing difficulties in using remote sensing data. Additionally, uneven change samples make it challenging to adequately capture the details of coral reef bleaching detection and produce thematic maps. To resolve these problems, a novel method named coral reef bleaching detection by positive-unlabeled bagging (CBD-PUB) is proposed in this paper. To test the capacity of the method, a series of multi-temporal Sentinel-2 remote sensing images are utilized, and Lizard Island in Australia is taken as a case study area. The pseudo-invariant feature atmospheric correction (PIF) algorithm is adopted to improve coral reef bleaching spectral signals. After that, CBD-PUB is employed to effectively explore coral reef bleaching variation and its corresponding influence relations. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of bleaching detection by the proposed algorithm reaches 92.1% and outperforms the traditional method. It fully demonstrates the feasibility of the model for the field of coral reef bleaching detection and provides assistance in the monitoring and protection of coral environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16132473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T12:30:59Z","timestamp":1720182659000},"page":"2473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection of Coral Reef Bleaching by Multitemporal Sentinel-2 Data Using the PU-Bagging Algorithm: A Feasibility Study at Lizard Island"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-4221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Huize","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2068-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22901","article-title":"Coral Reefs in the Anthropocene","volume":"546","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Wilkinson, C. 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