{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:16:12Z","timestamp":1760145372743,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High-level international cooperation and innovation exchange forum","award":["202202","2018YFD0800201","ARCP2015-03CMY-Li"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202","2018YFD0800201","ARCP2015-03CMY-Li"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Plan Project of China","award":["202202","2018YFD0800201","ARCP2015-03CMY-Li"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202","2018YFD0800201","ARCP2015-03CMY-Li"]}]},{"name":"project of Asia-Pacific network for global change research","award":["202202","2018YFD0800201","ARCP2015-03CMY-Li"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202202","2018YFD0800201","ARCP2015-03CMY-Li"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urbanization is rapidly occupying green spaces, making it crucial to understand implicit conflicts between urbanization and greenness. This study proposes an ecological greenness index (EGI) and a comprehensive urbanization index (CUI) and selects Nanjing, a megacity in China, as the study area to research the spatial and temporal evolutionary trends of the EGI and CUI in the context of land use\/land cover (LULC) changes from 2000 to 2020. Meanwhile, the conflicts and complex interaction characteristics of the EGI and CUI are discussed from both static and dynamic perspectives, and their driving mechanisms are investigated by combining specific indicators. The results demonstrate that over the past 20 years, LULC in Nanjing was dominated by cultivated land, forest land, and artificial surfaces. The encroachment of artificial surfaces on green space was strengthened, resulting in a decrease in the proportion of cultivated land from 70.09% in 2000 to 58.00% in 2020. The CUI increased at a change rate of 0.6%\/year, while the EGI showed significant browning (change rate: \u22120.23%\/year), mainly concentrated within the main urban boundaries. The relationship between the CUI and EGI made the leap from \u201cprimary coordination\u201d to \u201cmoderate coordination\u201d, but there remains a risk of further deterioration of the decoupling relationship between the CUI and ecological pressures. The multi-year average contribution of the CUI to the EGI was 49.45%. Urbanization activities that dominate changes in greenness have changed over time, reflecting the timing of urban conflict management. The results provide important insights for urban ecological health monitoring and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16132505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T12:21:03Z","timestamp":1720441263000},"page":"2505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interactions and Conflicts between Urbanization and Greenness: A Case Study from Nanjing, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunqiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9456-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengguo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.06.001","article-title":"Urban green infrastructure and ecosystem services in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"180","author":"Cilliers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. 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