{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:55Z","timestamp":1760145295534,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASA Earth Science Division"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The VIIRS instrument on the JPSS-2 (renamed NOAA-21 upon reaching orbit) spacecraft was launched in November 2022, making it the third sensor in the VIIRS series, following those onboard the SNPP and NOAA-20 spacecrafts, which are operating nominally. As a multi-disciplinary instrument, the VIIRS provides the worldwide user community with high-quality imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans. This study provides an early assessment of the calibration stability and radiometric consistency of the NOAA-21 VIIRS RSBs using the latest NASA SIPS C2 L1B products. Vicarious approaches are employed, relying on reflectance data obtained from the Libya-4 desert and Dome C sites, deep convective clouds, and simultaneous nadir overpasses, as well as intercomparison with the first two VIIRS instruments using MODIS as a transfer radiometer. The impact of existing band spectral differences on sensor-to-sensor comparison is corrected using scene-specific a priori hyperspectral observations from the SCIAMACHY sensor onboard the ENVISAT platform. The results indicate that the overall radiometric performance of the newly launched NOAA-21 VIIRS is quantitatively comparable to the NOAA-20 for the VIS and NIR bands. For some SWIR bands, the measured reflectances are lower by more than 2%. An upward adjustment of 6.1% in the gain of band M11 (2.25 \u00b5m), based on lunar intercomparison results, generates more consistent results with the NOAA-20 VIIRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16142528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T13:34:38Z","timestamp":1720618478000},"page":"2528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early Radiometric Assessment of NOAA-21 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Reflective Solar Bands Using Vicarious Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7741-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706, USA"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sciences and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0550-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaozhen","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Angal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-37293-6_11","article-title":"The visible infrared imaging radiometer suite","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1109\/36.20292","article-title":"MODIS: Advanced facility instrument for studies of the Earth as a system","volume":"27","author":"Salomonson","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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