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However, as modern data products grow in size, the increased computational complexity that this methodology demands makes processing more daunting. Here, we present a solution: leveraging the Bifrost data processing framework and GPUs, we analyze Sentinel-1 data covering a large region of northern California and are able to achieve dramatic speed-ups on the order of 300\u2013400 times faster than CPU-bound implementations of ISBAS, processing the entire dataset in only 5 h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16142554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T11:28:03Z","timestamp":1720783683000},"page":"2554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Bifrost Accelerated Intermittent Small Baseline Subset Analysis Pipeline for InSAR Ground Deformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7887-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth","family":"Bruzewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"},{"name":"Celestial Reference Frame Department, United States Naval Observatory, Washington, DC 20392, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1407-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayce","family":"Dowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6495-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2274-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric O.","family":"Lindsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.803792","article-title":"A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms","volume":"40","author":"Berardino","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2013.823673","article-title":"DInSAR estimation of land motion using intermittent coherence with application to the South Derbyshire and Leicestershire coalfields","volume":"4","author":"Sowter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750007","DOI":"10.1142\/S2251171717500076","article-title":"Bifrost: A Python\/C++ Framework for High-Throughput Stream Processing in Astronomy","volume":"6","author":"Cranmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Astron. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250004","DOI":"10.1142\/S2251171712500043","article-title":"First Light for the First Station of the Long Wavelength Array","volume":"1","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Astron. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, L., Zhang, T., Liu, F., Liu, R., and You, H. (2024). GPU Acceleration for SAR Satellite Image Ortho-Rectification. Remote Sens., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071301"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Advanced Scheme for Range Ambiguity Suppression of Spaceborne SAR Based on Blind Source Separation","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Okuta, R., Unno, Y., Nishino, D., Hido, S., and Loomis, C. (2017, January 4\u20139). CuPy: A NumPy-Compatible Library for NVIDIA GPU Calculations. 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Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2649-2","article-title":"Array programming with NumPy","volume":"585","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","article-title":"SciPy 1.0: Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python","volume":"17","author":"Virtanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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