{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:15Z","timestamp":1760145255504,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24CAFUC04033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CAFUC04033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is challenging to precisely measure the slow interseismic crustal-deformation rate from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The long-wavelength orbital errors, owing to the uncertainties in satellite orbit vectors, commonly exist in SAR interferograms, which degrade the precision of the Interferometric SAR (InSAR) products and become the main barrier to extracting interseismic tectonic deformation. In this study, we propose a novel temporal-network orbital correction method that is able to isolate the far-fault tectonic deformation from the mixed long-wavelength signals based on its spatio\u2013temporal characteristic. The proposed approach is straightforward in methodology but could effectively separate the subtle tectonic deformation from glaring orbital errors without ancillary data. Both synthetic data and real Sentinel-1 SAR images are used to validate the reliability and effectiveness of this method. The derived InSAR velocity fields clearly present the predominant left-lateral strike-slip motions of the Tuosuo Lake segment of the Kunlun fault in western China. The fault-parallel velocity differences of 5\u20136 mm\/yr across the fault between areas ~50 km away from the fault trace are addressed. The proposed method presents a significantly different performance from the traditional quadratic approximate method in the far field. Through the implementation of the proposed method, the root mean square error (RMSE) between the LOSGPS and our derived descending InSAR LOS (line of sight) measurements is reduced to less than one-third of the previous study, suggesting its potential to enhance the availability of InSAR technology for interseismic crustal-deformation measurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16142564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T14:04:35Z","timestamp":1720793075000},"page":"2564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Improved Method of Mitigating Orbital Errors in Multiple Synthetic-Aperture-Radar Interferometric Pair Analysis for Interseismic Deformation Measurement: Application to the Tuosuo Lake Segment of the Kunlun Fault"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dechao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yucong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Deyang 618307, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengdai","family":"Zi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9183","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB07p09183","article-title":"Mapping small elevation changes over large areas: Differential radar interferometry","volume":"94","author":"Gabriel","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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