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However, the spatiotemporal disparities of long-term vegetation trends in response to observed climate change remain unclear. Based on remote-sensing vegetation images indicated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from two long-term combined datasets, GIMMS and MODIS, we identified two spatiotemporal evolution patterns (SEPs) in long-term vegetation anomalies across the Tibetan Plateau. This new perspective integrates spatial and temporal NDVI changes during the growing seasons over the past four decades. Notably, the dipole evolution pattern that rotates counterclockwise from May to September accounted for 62.8% of the spatial mean amplitude of vegetation trends, dominating the spatiotemporal disparities. This dominant pattern trend is attributed to simultaneous effects of spatial warming and rising CO2, which accounted for 75% and 15%, respectively, along with a lagged effect of dipole precipitation, accounting for 6%. Overall, wetting and warming promote greening evolution in the northern Tibetan Plateau, while slight drying and warming favor browning evolution in the southern Tibetan Plateau. These findings provide insights into the combined effects of climate change on spatiotemporal vegetation trends and inform future adaptive strategies in fragile regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16142585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T12:44:36Z","timestamp":1721047476000},"page":"2585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spatiotemporal Evolution Disparities of Vegetation Trends over the Tibetan Plateau under Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4260-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieru","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7194-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Li","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Minghong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-019-0001-x","article-title":"Characteristics, drivers and feedbacks of global greening","volume":"1","author":"Piao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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