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There is still a lack of research on the evolution and drivers of the thermal environment in urban agglomerations; therefore, in this study, we used trend analysis methods and spatial statistical analysis tools to investigate these issues in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration. The results demonstrated the following: (1) The land surface temperature (LST) exhibited low fluctuation, while the relative land surface temperature (RLST) fluctuated significantly. In Zhangjiakou and Chengde, the LST and RLST evolution trends were complex, and the results differed between daytime and nighttime, as well as between the annual and seasonal scales. In other regions, the trends of LST and RLST evolution were more obvious. (2) During the daytime, the high UHI clusters centered on \u201cBJ\u2013TJ\u2013LF\u201d and \u201cSJZ\u2013XT\u2013HD\u201d formed gradually; during the nighttime, the high UHI clusters were mainly observed in built-up areas. The distribution range and direction of UHIs showed greater degrees of evolution during the daytime in summer. (3) The total UHI area showed an increasing trend, and the intensity of heat stress suffered by the BTH agglomeration was increasing. (4) In BTH and Hebei, aerosol optical depth, surface solar radiation, population density, and gross domestic product were the dominant factors influencing UHIs; moreover, in Beijing and Tianjin, all factors showed an basically equal impact. The methodology and findings of this study hold significant implications for guiding urban construction, optimizing urban structure, and improving urban thermal comfort in the BTH urban agglomeration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16142601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T08:48:29Z","timestamp":1721206109000},"page":"2601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spatiotemporal Evolution in the Thermal Environment and Impact Analysis of Drivers in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei Urban Agglomeration of China from 2000 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8916-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haodong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6024-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Remediation in Ecologically Fragile Regions, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China"},{"name":"College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0439-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105190","article-title":"How Does Urban Thermal Environmental Factors Impact Diurnal Cycle of Land Surface Temperature? 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