{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:38:31Z","timestamp":1775068711706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61771380 U1730109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771380 U1730109"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["19xcj047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19xcj047"]}]},{"name":"Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["61771380 U1730109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771380 U1730109"]}]},{"name":"Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"]}]},{"name":"Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["19xcj047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19xcj047"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["61771380 U1730109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771380 U1730109"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["19xcj047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19xcj047"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Fund of Xidian Universit","award":["61771380 U1730109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771380 U1730109"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Fund of Xidian Universit","award":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEMEE 2017K0202B"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Fund of Xidian Universit","award":["19xcj047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19xcj047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on detecting and tracking maneuvering weak targets in the range\u2013Doppler (RD) plane with the track-before-detect (TBD) algorithm based on dynamic programming (DP). Traditional DP-TBD algorithms integrate target detection and tracking in their framework while searching the paths provided by a predefined model of the kinematic properties within the constraints allowed. However, both the approximate motion model used in the RD plane and the model mismatch caused when the target undergoes a maneuver can degrade the TBD performance sharply. To address these issues, this paper accurately describes the evolution of the RD equation based on Constant Acceleration (CA) and Coordinated Turn (CT) motion models with the process noise in the Cartesian coordinate system, and it also employs a recursive method to estimate the parameters in the equations for efficient energy accumulation and path searches. Facing the situation that targets energy accumulation during the DP iteration process will lead to an expansion of the target energy accumulation process. This paper designs a more efficient Optimization Function (OF) to inhibit the expansion effect, improve the resolution of the nearby targets, and increase the detection probability of the weak targets simultaneously. In addition, to search the trajectory more efficiently and accurately, we improved the process of DP multi-frame accumulation, thus reducing the computation amount of large-scale searches. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method for CA and CT motion target detection and tracking is verified by many of the simulation experiments that were conducted in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16142639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T09:14:53Z","timestamp":1721380493000},"page":"2639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dynamic Programming-Based Track-before-Detect Algorithm for Weak Maneuvering Targets in Range\u2013Doppler Plane"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xinghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieru","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Center for Information and Educational Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Finance and Economics, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kay, S.M. 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