{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:16:55Z","timestamp":1760145415696,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42205145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42205145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clear-air echo studies are usually based on isotropic turbulence theory. But the theory has been considered incomplete by modern turbulence theory. The intermittence of turbulence can reveal obvious shortcomings in the existing studies of clear-air echoes. The mechanism of clear-air echo scattering needs to be supplemented. This paper introduces the troposcatter theory, normally used in over-the-horizon communication, to fill the gap left by Bragg scattering. By treating radar as a self-transmitted and self-received device, the equivalent transmission loss of weather radar is established and compared with the recommendations of the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R). The results show that the S-band radar transmission loss aligns with ITU-R recommendations. There is also a linear regression relationship between the radar transmission loss and height, which conforms to the troposcatter theory. This means that the theory of troposcatter scattering is a supplement to the theory of Bragg scattering. Tropospheric scattering can be thought of as general Bragg scattering. Meanwhile, based on ITU-R recommendations, this study also provides a new way for the recognition of biological echoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16152691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T11:40:36Z","timestamp":1721734836000},"page":"2691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Perspective on the Scattering Mechanism of S-Band Weather Radar Clear-Air Echoes Based on Communication Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2956-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yupeng","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China"},{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunjie","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Meteorological Observation Center, Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siteng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<1063:APSOCA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Preliminary Survey of Clear-Air Echo Appearances over the Kanto Plain in Japan from July to December 1997","volume":"19","author":"Kusunoki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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