{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:37:18Z","timestamp":1781109438561,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Fund of China","award":["42171310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171310"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Fund of China","award":["42192581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192581"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Priestley\u2013Taylor model of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) evapotranspiration (ET) model is relatively simple and has been widely used based on meteorological and satellite data. However, soil moisture (SM) constraints include a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that causes large uncertainty. In this study, we proposed a PT-SinRH model by introducing a sine function of air relative humidity (RH) to replace RHVPD to characterize SM constraints, which can improve the accuracy of ET estimations. The PT-SinRH model is validated by eddy covariance (EC) data from 2000\u20132020. These data were collected by AmeriFlux at 28 sites on the conterminous United States (CONUS), and the land cover types of the sites vary from croplands to wetlands, grasslands, shrub lands and forests. The validation results from daily scale-based on-site and satellite data inputs showed that the PT-SinRH model estimates fit the observations with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.55, root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 17.5 W\/m2, bias of \u22121.2 W\/m2 and Kling\u2013Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 0.70. Additionally, the PT-SinRH model based on reanalysis and satellite data inputs has an R2 of 0.49, an RMSE of 20.3 W\/m2, a bias of \u22128.6 W\/m2 and a KGE of 0.55. The PT-SinRH model showed better accuracy when using the site-measured meteorological data than when using reanalysis meteorological data as inputs. Additionally, compared with the PT-JPL model, the results demonstrate that our approach, i.e., PT-SinRH, improved ET estimates, increasing the R2 and KGE by 0.02 and decreasing the RMSE by about 0.6 W\/m2. This simple but accurate method permits us to investigate the decadal variation in regional ET over the land.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16152783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1722353123000},"page":"2783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Satellite-Based PT-SinRH Evapotranspiration Model: Development and Validation from AmeriFlux Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zijing","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3803-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunjun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2936-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jincheng Meteorological Administration, Jincheng 048026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixi","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luna","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7688-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., and Dickinson, R.E. (2012). A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability. Rev. Geophys., 50.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011RG000373"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2010.12.015","article-title":"Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy","volume":"98","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.04.015","article-title":"Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data","volume":"111","author":"Mu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2010.2048556","article-title":"Review on estimation of land surface radiation and energy budgets from ground measurement, remote sensing and model simulations","volume":"3","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2020.108010","article-title":"Exploring evapotranspiration changes in a typical endorheic basin through the integrated observatory network","volume":"290","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1002\/2016WR020175","article-title":"The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources","volume":"53","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.05.013","article-title":"A satellite-based hybrid algorithm to determine the Priestley-Taylor parameter for global terrestrial latent heat flux estimation across multiple biomes","volume":"165","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14688-0","article-title":"Evapotranspiration depletes groundwater under warming over the contiguous United States","volume":"11","author":"Condon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019WR026058","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR026058","article-title":"ECOSTRESS: NASA\u2019s next generation mission to measure evapotranspiration from the International Space Station","volume":"56","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112277","article-title":"Using SMAP Level-4 soil moisture to constrain MOD16 evapotranspiration over the contiguous USA","volume":"255","author":"Brust","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-6-85-2002","article-title":"The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes","volume":"6","author":"Su","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD026370","article-title":"A simple temperature domain two-source model for estimating agricultural field surface energy fluxes from Landsat images","volume":"122","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-008-9037-z","article-title":"Estimating Land Surface Evaporation: A Review of Methods Using Remotely Sensed Surface Temperature Data","volume":"29","author":"Kalma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.02.019","article-title":"Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm","volume":"115","author":"Mu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49711146910","article-title":"Evaporation from Sparse Crops\u2014An Energy Combination Theory","volume":"111","author":"Shuttleworth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"205","article-title":"Evaporation and Environment","volume":"19","author":"Monteith","year":"1965","journal-title":"Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.06.025","article-title":"Global estimates of the land\u2013atmosphere water flux based on monthly AVHRR and ISLSCP-II data, validated at 16 FLUXNET sites","volume":"112","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1972)100<0081:OTAOSH>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux and Evaporation Using Large Scale Parameters","volume":"100","author":"Priestley","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0076-8","article-title":"The FLUXCOM ensemble of global land-atmosphere energy fluxes","volume":"6","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD028422","article-title":"Intercomparison of Six Upscaling Evapotranspiration Methods: From Site to the Satellite Pixel","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.12.039","article-title":"Variational assimilation of land surface temperature and the estimation of surface energy balance components","volume":"481","author":"Bateni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.02.038","article-title":"Assimilation of remotely sensed data for improved latent and sensible heat flux prediction: A comparative synthetic study","volume":"112","author":"Pipunic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094008","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/9\/094008","article-title":"Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic controls on global terrestrial evapotranspiration trends","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2018.05.010","article-title":"Partitioning of evapotranspiration in remote sensing-based models","volume":"260","author":"Talsma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.11.008","article-title":"Multi-site evaluation of terrestrial evaporation models using FLUXNET data","volume":"187","author":"Ershadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112189","article-title":"Interoperability of ECOSTRESS and Landsat for mapping evapotranspiration time series at sub-field scales","volume":"252","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.11.006","article-title":"Global estimates of evapotranspiration for climate studies using multi-sensor remote sensing data: Evaluation of three process-based approaches","volume":"115","author":"Vinukollu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.09.023","article-title":"SMAP soil moisture improves global evapotranspiration","volume":"219","author":"Purdy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x","article-title":"On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: Review and improved algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Reichstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1890\/06-0922.1","article-title":"The energy balance closure problem: An overview","volume":"18","author":"Foken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.127990","article-title":"The Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) evapotranspiration product Version 5.0: Algorithm development and preliminary validation","volume":"610","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-4619-y","article-title":"Evaluation of three satellite-based latent heat flux algorithms over forest ecosystems using eddy covariance data","volume":"187","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.128856","article-title":"Comparison of remote sensing evapotranspiration models: Consistency, merits, and pitfalls","volume":"617","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2012.11.016","article-title":"MODIS-driven estimation of terrestrial latent heat flux in China based on a modified Priestley\u2013Taylor algorithm","volume":"171","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.12.016","article-title":"Actual evapotranspiration in drylands derived from in-situ and satellite data: Assessing biophysical constraints","volume":"131","author":"Sandholt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"134","article-title":"Evapotranspiration reelle at potentielle, signification climatique","volume":"62","author":"Bouchet","year":"1963","journal-title":"Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydro. Pub."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"559","article-title":"Remote sensing estimates of vapor pressure deficit: An overview","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108455","article-title":"A global assessment of PT-JPL soil evaporation in agroecosystems with optical, thermal, and microwave satellite data","volume":"306","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2010.01.015","article-title":"Computing turbulent fluxes near the surface: Needed improvements","volume":"150","author":"Mahrt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(00)00123-4","article-title":"Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland","volume":"103","author":"Twine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021554900225","article-title":"A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques part I: Averaging and coordinate rotation","volume":"107","author":"Finnigan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bound.-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-14-0040.1","article-title":"On uncertainty in global terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates from choice of input forcing datasets","volume":"16","author":"Badgley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00015.1","article-title":"MERRA: NASA\u2019s modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications","volume":"24","author":"Rienecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, M., Running, S.W., and Nemani, R.R. (2006). Sensitivity of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) terrestrial primary production to the accuracy of meteorological reanalyses. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 111.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JG000004"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.08.013","article-title":"Estimation of high-resolution terrestrial evapotranspiration from Landsat data using a simple Taylor skill fusion method","volume":"553","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.06.005","article-title":"Scaling gross primary production (GPP) over boreal and deciduous forest landscapes in support of MODIS GPP product validation","volume":"88","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.3390\/s90503801","article-title":"A review of current methodologies for regional evapotranspiration estimation from remotely sensed data","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.129870","article-title":"Applicability evaluation of soil moisture constraint algorithms in remote sensing evapotranspiration models","volume":"623","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019WR026290","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR026290","article-title":"On parameterizing soil evaporation in a direct remote sensing model of ET: PT-JPL","volume":"56","author":"Marshall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2002.00682.x","article-title":"Rooting depths, lateral root spreads and below-ground\/above-ground allometries of plants in water-limited ecosystems","volume":"90","author":"Schenk","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.04.024","article-title":"Estimating air surface temperature in Portugal using MODIS LST data","volume":"124","author":"Benali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.04.016","article-title":"Satellite-based estimation of surface vapor pressure deficits using MODIS land surface temperature data","volume":"112","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2009.03.004","article-title":"Estimating volumetric surface moisture content for cropped soils using a soil wetness index based on surface temperature and NDVI","volume":"149","author":"Mallick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"89","article-title":"An evaluation of the Priestley and Taylor equation and the complementary relationship using results from a mixed-layer model of the convective boundary layer","volume":"177","author":"McNaughton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Estim. Areal Evapotranspiration"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8087","DOI":"10.1002\/2015WR017720","article-title":"A generalized complementary principle with physical constraints for land-surface evaporation","volume":"51","author":"Brutsaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1029\/93WR03038","article-title":"Surface-Energy Balance Estimates at Local and Regional Scales Using Optical Remote-Sensing from an Aircraft Platform and Atmospheric Data Collected over Semiarid Rangelands","volume":"30","author":"Kustas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1994)007<1856:ATSOAL>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Assessing the Sensitivity of a Land-Surface Scheme to the Parameter Values Using a Single-Column Model","volume":"7","author":"Pitman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-006-8262-x","article-title":"Surface roughness length dynamic over several different surfaces and its effects on modeling fluxes","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. China Ser. D"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/15\/2783\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:26:27Z","timestamp":1760109987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/15\/2783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16152783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16152783","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]}}}