{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:45Z","timestamp":1760145585594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4062-N29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4062-N29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) time series being used for various applications, the optimal realization of a common geodetic datum over many epochs is a highly important prerequisite with a direct impact on the accuracy and reliability of derived measures. In our work, we develop and define several approaches to the adjustment of multi-temporal LiDAR data in a given software framework. These approaches, ranging from pragmatic to more rigorous solutions, are applied to an 8-year time series with 21 individual epochs. The analysis of the respective results suggests that a sequence of bi-temporal adjustments of each individual epoch and a designated reference epoch brings the best results while being more flexible and computationally viable than the most extensive approach of using all epochs in one single multi-temporal adjustment. With a combination of sparse control patches measured in the field and one selected reference block, the negative impacts of changing surfaces on orientation quality are more effectively avoided than in any other approach. We obtain relative discrepancies in the range of 1\u20132 cm between epoch-wise DSMs for the complete time series and mean offsets from independent checkpoints in the range of 3\u20135 cm. Based on our findings, we formulate design criteria for setting up and adjusting future time series with the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16152838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1722604482000},"page":"2838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strip Adjustment of Multi-Temporal LiDAR Data\u2014A Case Study at the Pielach River"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7912-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria"},{"name":"BEV\u2014Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, Schiffamtsgasse 1-3, 1020 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-293X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gottfried","family":"Mandlburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-8961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camillo","family":"Ressl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2348-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Wien, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.102929","article-title":"Airborne lidar change detection: An overview of Earth sciences applications","volume":"198","author":"Okyay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. 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