{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:24:31Z","timestamp":1780633471864,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1515011177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20221615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20221615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Transportation Planning and Design Institute Group Co. Ltd","award":["2024A1515011177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011177"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Transportation Planning and Design Institute Group Co. Ltd","award":["20221615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20221615"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness of road signs is hindered by obstructions, such as vegetation, mutual obstruction of signs, or the road alignment itself. The traditional evaluation of road sign recognition effectiveness is conducted through in-vehicle field surveys. However, this method has several drawbacks, including discontinuous identification, unclear positioning, incomplete coverage, and being time-consuming. Consequently, it is unable to effectively assess the recognition status of road signs at any arbitrary point within the road space. Therefore, this study employed laser scanning to construct a point-surface model, which was based on a point cloud algorithm and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), integrated LiDAR and inertial navigation system data, and optimized the point model after processing steps such as denoising, resampling, and three-dimensional model construction. Furthermore, a method for assessing the highway sign occlusion rate based on the picking algorithm was proposed. The algorithm was applied to an actual road environment, and the occlusion by other items was simulated. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the method. This new method provides support for the fast and accurate calculation of road sign occlusion rates, which is of great importance for ensuring the safe traveling of vehicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16162872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1722957856000},"page":"2872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Traffic Sign Occlusion Rate Based on a 3D Point Cloud Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbei","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Communication Planning & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510507, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2021.01.015","article-title":"Ergonomic Design Improves Cross-Cultural Road Sign Comprehension","volume":"78","author":"Shinar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. 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