{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T11:33:10Z","timestamp":1775907190512,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSERC NETGP 523374-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSERC NETGP 523374-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSERC of Canada Discovery Grant","award":["NSERC NETGP 523374-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSERC NETGP 523374-18"]}]},{"name":"NSERC of Canada Discovery Grant","award":["5134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5134"]}]},{"name":"Liber Ero Chair in Biodiversity Conservation and the NSERC Discovery program","award":["NSERC NETGP 523374-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSERC NETGP 523374-18"]}]},{"name":"Liber Ero Chair in Biodiversity Conservation and the NSERC Discovery program","award":["5134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the absence of forest ecosystem time series data, monitoring proxies such as the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) can inform the capacity of forests to provide ecosystem services. We used MODIS-derived EVI at 250 m and 16-day resolution and Breaks for Additive and Seasonal Trend (BFAST) algorithms to monitor forest EVI changes (breaks and trends) in and around the Algonquin Provincial Park (Ontario, Canada) from 2003 to 2022. We found that relatively little change occurred in forest EVI pixels and that most of the change occurred in non-protected forest areas. Only 5.3% (12,348) of forest pixels experienced one or more EVI breaks and 27.8% showed detectable EVI trends. Most breaks were negative (11,969, 75.3%; positive breaks: 3935, 24.7%) with a median magnitude of change of \u2212755.5 (median positive magnitude: 722.6). A peak of negative breaks (2487, 21%) occurred in the year 2013 while no clear peak was seen among positive breaks. Most breaks (negative and positive) and trends occurred in the eastern region of the study area. Boosted regression trees revealed that the most important predictors of the magnitude of change were forest age, summer droughts, and warm winters. These were among the most important variables that explained the magnitude of negative (R2 = 0.639) and positive breaks (R2 = 0.352). Forest composition and protection status were only marginally important. Future work should focus on assessing spatial clusters of EVI breaks and trends to understand local drivers of forest vegetation health and their potential relation to forest ecosystem services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16162919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T09:48:54Z","timestamp":1723196934000},"page":"2919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Monitoring Changes in the Enhanced Vegetation Index to Inform the Management of Forests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2272-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7791-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Schwantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada"},{"name":"Apex Resource Management Solutions, Ottawa, ON K2A 3K2, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6075-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada"},{"name":"Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada"},{"name":"Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9935-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Jos\u00e9e","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfr-2018-0293","article-title":"Fire-regime changes in Canada over the last half century","volume":"49","author":"Hanes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. 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