{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:09:18Z","timestamp":1774120158969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-0882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-0882"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread availability of Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from various sources presents a contemporary challenge for urban climate studies: how to efficiently compare these data with the results of traditional methods of temperature monitoring, which typically assume measurements at 2 m under sheltered conditions. In this line, the current study is based primarily on data extracted from a network of 31 points of hourly temperature monitoring at the 2 m level (Tair2m), in use between 2019 and 2021, in the city of Suceava in north-eastern Romania. These data allowed a detailed mapping for each hourly time step through multiple regression, adjusted by IDW, which was identified as the best interpolation method of Tair2m. These data were analyzed in parallel with LST data derived from Landsat imagery available in the analyzed period for 35 summer days with no or low cloud cover. The mapping results of both the Tair2m and LST data describe the main characteristics of the Suceava urban agglomeration (SvMA) heat island, which presents polynuclear features with intensities\u2014as expressed by the temperature difference between the cores of the heat island and the surrounding rural areas\u2014spanning during the summer noontime between 3.0 \u00b0C based on Tair2m and 7.1 \u00b0C on LST, respectively. The values of the Tair2m\u2013LST differences were 0.68 \u00b0C on average, ranging from 5.33 to \u221219.17 \u00b0C, directly proportional to the imperviousness ratio (IMD) values, reaching the highest values in the local climate zones (LCZs) with a high built-up ratio (up to \u221219.17 \u00b0C) and the lowest (0.5 \u00f7 \u22120.5 \u00b0C) for those with bare soils, with isolated bushes and trees, with few or no buildings. The study results could serve as a tool to downscale the LST data to the level of Tair2m, which is useful for interpretation of the data derived from these commonly used tools in urban climate monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16162967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T06:02:37Z","timestamp":1723528957000},"page":"2967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Summer Discrepancies between 2 m Air Temperature and Landsat LST in Suceava City, Northeastern Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dumitru","family":"Mih\u0103il\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, \u201cStefan cel Mare\u201d University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petru\u021b-Ionel","family":"Bistricean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, \u201cStefan cel Mare\u201d University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7725-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian","family":"Sf\u00eec\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Ia\u0219i, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilic\u0103-D\u0103nu\u021b","family":"Horodnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, \u201cStefan cel Mare\u201d University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}]},{"given":"Alin","family":"Pris\u0103cariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, \u201cStefan cel Mare\u201d University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6681-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad-Alexandru","family":"Amih\u0103esei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Geosciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Ia\u0219i, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Climatology, National Meteorological Administration, 013686 Bucharest, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, D., Xiao, J., Bonafoni, S., Berger, C., Deilami, K., Zhou, Y., Frolking, S., Yao, R., Qiao, Z., and Sobrino, J.A. 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