{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:09:39Z","timestamp":1776308979323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs (Environment Authority) of the Sultanate of Oman","award":["CR\/AGR\/SWAE\/13\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CR\/AGR\/SWAE\/13\/02"]}]},{"name":"Sultan Qaboos University, Oman","award":["CR\/AGR\/SWAE\/13\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CR\/AGR\/SWAE\/13\/02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human activities, climate change, and land-use alterations accelerated soil erosion in recent decades and imposed significant threats to soil fertility and stability worldwide. Understanding and quantifying the spatiotemporal variation of soil erosion risks is crucial for adopting the best management practices for surface soils conservation. Here, we present a novel high-resolution (30 m) soil erosion framework based on the G2 erosion model by integrating satellite and reanalysis datasets and Machine Learning (ML) models to assess soil erosion risks and hazards spatiotemporally. The proposed method reflects the impacts of climate change in 1 h time resolutions and land use in 30 m scales on soil erosion risks for almost 4 decades (between 1985 and 2017). The soil erosion hazardous maps were generated\/evaluated using Extreme Value Analysis (EVA), utilizing long-term annual soil erosion estimations\/projections to aid policymakers in developing management strategies to protect lands against extreme erosion. The proposed framework is evaluated in the Sultanate of Oman, which lacks soil erosion estimation\/assessment studies due to data scarcity. Results indicate that soil erosion has increasing perilous trends in high altitudes of the Sultanate of Oman that may cause substantial risks to soil health and stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16162976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T09:20:51Z","timestamp":1723627251000},"page":"2976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Historical Hazard Assessment of Climate and Land Use\u2013Land Cover Effects on Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing: Case Study of Oman"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3260-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahab Aldin","family":"Shojaeezadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Soil Science, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malik","family":"Al-Wardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"},{"name":"Department of Soils, Water, and Agricultural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Nikoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad Ghorbani","family":"Mooselu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Sustainability Research (NORSUS), 1672 Fredrikstad, Norway"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Talebbeydokhti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946, Iran"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Alamdari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Resilient Infrastructure and Disaster Response (RIDER) Center, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir H.","family":"Gandomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia"},{"name":"University Research and Innovation Center (EKIK), \u00d3buda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pimentel, D. 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