{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:14:48Z","timestamp":1792790088498,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62301431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-JC-QN-0734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-QN-0734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["62301431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301431"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2023-JC-QN-0734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-QN-0734"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We focus on an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system\u2014a single platform equipped with multiple antennas transmitting a waveform to detect targets and communicate with downlink users. Due to spectrum sharing between multiple-input\u2013multiple-output (MIMO) radar and multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) communication, beamforming is becoming increasingly important as a technique that enables the creation of directional beams. In this paper, we propose a novel joint transmit beamforming design scheme that employs a beam pattern approximation strategy for radar sensing and utilizes rate-splitting for multiuser communication offering advanced interference management strategies. The optimization problems are formulated from both radar-centric and trade-off viewpoints. First, we propose a radar-centric beamforming scheme to achieve sensing efficiency through beam pattern approximation, while requiring the fairness signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) to be higher than a given threshold to guarantee a minimal level of communication quality, while the obtained performance for the communication system is limited in this scheme. To address this problem, we propose a beamforming design scheme from a trade-off viewpoint that flexibly optimizes both sensing and communication performances with a regularization parameter. Finally, we propose a partial rate-splitting-based beamforming design method aimed at maximizing the effective sensing power, with the constraint of a minimal sum rate for downlink users. Numerical results are provided to assess the effectiveness of all proposed schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16163028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T05:19:36Z","timestamp":1724044776000},"page":"3028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sensing-Efficient Transmit Beamforming for ISAC with MIMO Radar and MU-MIMO Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huimin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8290-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Limeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beiming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Joint radar and communication: A survey","volume":"17","author":"Zhiyong","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2755603","article-title":"Joint Design of Overlaid Communication Systems and Pulsed Radars","volume":"66","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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