{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:38Z","timestamp":1760145758009,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"]}]},{"name":"Project of Collaborative Innovation Center of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of China Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd.","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Construction","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0340","23JY038","CEEC2022-ZDYF-01","2023-K50"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The geostationary earth orbit (GEO) represents a distinctive geosynchronous orbit situated in the Earth\u2019s equatorial plane, providing an excellent platform for long-term monitoring of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at a quasi-invariant ionospheric pierce point (IPP). With GEO satellites having limited dual-frequency coverage, the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) emerges as a valuable resource for ionospheric modeling across a broad range of latitudes. This article evaluates satellite differential code biases (DCB) of BDS high-orbit satellites (GEO and IGSO) and assesses regional ionospheric modeling utilizing data from international GNSS services through a refined polynomial method. Results from a 48-day observation period show a stability of approximately 2.0 ns in BDS satellite DCBs across various frequency signals, correlating with the available GNSS stations and satellites. A comparative analysis between GEO and IGSO satellites in BDS2 and BDS3 reveals no significant systematic bias in satellite DCB estimations. Furthermore, high-orbit BDS satellites exhibit considerable potential for promptly detecting high-resolution fluctuations in vertical TECs compared to conventional geomagnetic activity indicators like Kp or Dst. This research also offers valuable insights into ionospheric responses over mid-latitude regions during the March 2024 geomagnetic storm, utilizing TEC estimates derived from BDS GEO and IGSO satellites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1724417887000},"page":"3118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Satellite Differential Code Biases and Regional Ionospheric Modeling Using Carrier-Smoothed Code of BDS GEO and IGSO Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}]},{"given":"Zongfang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(NWEPDI) of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(NWEPDI) of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies, K. 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