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University Grants Council of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0045896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0045896"]}]},{"name":"the University Grants Council of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["C2023A022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2023A022"]}]},{"name":"The Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["42304014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42304014"]}]},{"name":"The Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["42374018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42374018"]}]},{"name":"The Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["2022A1515110861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515110861"]}]},{"name":"The Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["2024A1515011679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011679"]}]},{"name":"The Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0045896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0045896"]}]},{"name":"The Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["C2023A022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2023A022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-track synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) provides a good approach for the monitoring of long-term multi-dimensional earthquake deformation, including pre-, co-, and post-seismic data. However, the removal of atmospheric errors in both single- and multi-track InSAR data presents significant challenges. In this paper, a method of spatio-temporal correlation analysis using independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed, which can extract multi-track deformation components for the accurate retrieval of earthquake deformation time series. Sentinel-1 data covering the double earthquakes in Turkey and Syria in 2023 are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that co-seismic displacement in the east\u2013west and up\u2013down directions ranged from \u2212114.7 cm to 82.8 cm and from \u221287.0 cm to 63.9 cm, respectively. Additionally, the deformation rates during the monitoring period ranged from \u2212137.9 cm\/year to 123.3 cm\/year in the east\u2013west direction and from \u221251.8 cm\/year to 45.7 cm\/year in the up\u2013down direction. A comparative validation experiment was conducted using three GPS stations. Compared with the results of the original MSBAS method, the proposed method provides results that are smoother and closer to those of the GPS data, and the average optimization efficiency is 43.08% higher. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed method could provide accurate two-dimensional deformation time series for studying the pre-, co-, and post-earthquake events of the 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria Earthquakes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T03:14:31Z","timestamp":1724642071000},"page":"3139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Accurate Deformation Retrieval of the 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria Earthquakes Using Multi-Track InSAR Data and a Spatio-Temporal Correlation Analysis with the ICA Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bochen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1054-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siting","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3489-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1109\/5.838084","article-title":"Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry","volume":"88","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. 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