{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T23:45:45Z","timestamp":1776815145043,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003699","name":"Korea Railroad Research Institute, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP24150D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP24150D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003699","name":"Korea Railroad Research Institute, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MT24015B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MT24015B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effective monitoring of railway facilities is crucial for safety and operational efficiency. This study proposes an enhanced remote monitoring technique for railway facilities, specifically bridges, using satellite radar InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology. Previous studies faced limitations such as insufficient data points and challenges with topographical and structural variations. Our approach addresses these issues by analysing displacements from 30 images captured by the X-band SAR satellite, TerraSAR-X, over two years. We tested each InSAR parameter to develop an optimal set of parameters, applying the technique to a post-tensioned PSC (pre-stressed concrete) box bridge. Our findings revealed a recurring arch-shaped elevation along the bridge, attributed to temporal changes and long-term deformation. Further analysis showed a strong correlation between this deformation pattern and average surrounding temperature. This indicates that our technique can effectively identify micro-displacements due to temperature changes and structural deformation. Thus, the technique provides a theoretical foundation for improved SAR monitoring of large-scale social overhead capital (SOC) facilities, ensuring efficient maintenance and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T03:51:06Z","timestamp":1724730666000},"page":"3153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Leveraging Multi-Temporal InSAR Technique for Long-Term Structural Behaviour Monitoring of High-Speed Railway Bridges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6744-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winter","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation System Engineering\/Korea Railroad Research Institute Campus, University of Science and Technology, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4915-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changgil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Railroad Civil Engineering Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Railroad Civil Engineering Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kihyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Railroad Structural Engineering Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilwha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Railroad Civil Engineering Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1109\/36.868878","article-title":"Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry","volume":"38","author":"Ferretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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