{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:42:29Z","timestamp":1773254549139,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/05488\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/05488\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00308\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent decades, the creation and availability of Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI) have changed the paradigm associated with the production of Geospatial Information (GI), since, due to its free access, citizens can view, analyse, process, and validate this type of data. One of the most popular examples of VGI is the collaborative OpenStreetMap (OSM) project which covers a wide range of themes or characteristics associated with the real world. One of these themes is the feature \u201cwaterway\u201d that represents watercourses. The quality of OSM data characteristics is a topic that has been published by many authors in recent years, particularly on the analysis of the completeness indicator. However, few references are found in the literature about studies that analyse the completeness of OSM watercourses or even watercourses obtained by other sources. All this motivated the authors to develop a study that aims to analyse the completeness of these specific lines that have so much relevance to hydrologists. The study presents an analysis of the variation over time in completeness\/coverage of the OSM \u201cwaterway\u201d feature in the period between 2014 and 2023 in a mountainous region included in the Mondego River basin, located in the Inland of Portugal. The methodology applied is supported by classical methods of measuring the completeness of lines that may be found in the literature. The total length of the watercourses was calculated and compared in percentage terms with the total length of the reference watercourses for dates under analysis. The watercourses of the military official hydrography of the 1\/25,000 scale were used as a reference. The relation of the OSM completeness with some indicators related to terrain surface (altitude, slope, and location\/proximity settlements) was also analysed. The choice of these indicators was motivated by the fact that the study area has strong mountain characteristics and is crossed by the main Portuguese river. The analysis was performed using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) data and satellite image of Geographic Information System software. The results show that the completeness of this OSM feature (waterway) has a slight increase, considering the amplitude of the studied period (nine years) and the fact that, nowadays, digital mobile devices enable easy access to satellite images, allowing the digitalization of geographic entities or objects of the real world remotely. Regarding the indicator altitude, slope, and location\/proximity of the settlements, we believe that there is no influence of these indicators on the evolution of the completeness of the OSM waterways in the study area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T03:51:06Z","timestamp":1724730666000},"page":"3159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysing Temporal Evolution of OpenStreetMap Waterways Completeness in a Mountain Region of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2280-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete S. Veiga","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco S\u00e1 Carneiro, n\u00ba 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Techn&Art\u2014Center for Technology, Restoration and Enhancement of the Arts, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Systems and Computer Engineering of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00f3ria Rodrigues","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco S\u00e1 Carneiro, n\u00ba 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Techn&Art\u2014Center for Technology, Restoration and Enhancement of the Arts, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, L., Lv, X., and Yao, J. (2021). Water Extraction in SAR Images Using Features Analysis and Dual-Threshold Graph Cut Model. 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