{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:45Z","timestamp":1760145705496,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government of the Republic of Cyprus","award":["857510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857510"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The determination of swelling\/shrinking phenomena, from natural and anthropogenic activity, is examined in this study through the synergy of various remote sensing methodologies. For the period of 2016\u20132022, a time-series InSAR analysis of Sentinel-1 satellite images, with a Coherent Change Detection procedure, was conducted to calculate the Normalized Coherence Difference. These were combined with Sentinel-2 multispectral data by exploiting the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to create multi-temporal image composites. In addition, ALOS-Palsar DEM derivatives highlighted the geomorphological characteristics, which, in conjunction with the satellite imagery outcomes and other auxiliary spatial datasets, were embedded within a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model. The synergy of the remote sensing and GIS techniques\u2019 applicability within the MCDA model highlighted the zones undergoing seasonal swelling\/shrinking processes in Pyrgos\u2013Parekklisia and Moni regions in Cyprus. The accuracy assessment of the produced final MCDA outcome provided an overall accuracy of 72.4%, with the Kappa statistic being 0.66, indicating substantial agreement of the MCDA outcome with the results from a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry analysis and ground-truth observations. Thus, this study offers decision-makers a powerful procedure to monitor longer- and shorter-term swelling\/shrinking phenomena.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T03:40:39Z","timestamp":1724902839000},"page":"3185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integration of Multi-Source Datasets for Assessing Ground Swelling\/Shrinking Risk in Cyprus: The Case Studies of Pyrgos\u2013Parekklisia and Moni"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2886-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios V.","family":"Argyriou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"},{"name":"Laboratory of Geophysical-Satellite Remote Sensing & Archaeoenvironment (GeoSat ReSeArch Lab), Institute for Mediterranean Studies, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 74100 Rethymno, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2974-8832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Prodromou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4080-441X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Theocharidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Fotiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Alatza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Observatory of Athens, Operational Unit BEYOND Centre for Earth Observation Research and Satellite Remote Sensing IAASARS\/NOA, 15236 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Loupasakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zampela","family":"Pittaki-Chrysodonta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Kontoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Observatory of Athens, Operational Unit BEYOND Centre for Earth Observation Research and Satellite Remote Sensing IAASARS\/NOA, 15236 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diofantos G.","family":"Hadjimitsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4543-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Tzouvaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ERATOSTHENES Centre of Excellence, Limassol 3012, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1990.tb00059.x","article-title":"Seasonal Variation in Field-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Two Swelling Clay Soils in Sweden","volume":"41","author":"Messing","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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