{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:57:06Z","timestamp":1783130226308,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42274048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274048"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BE2022716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022716"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["42274048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42274048"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["BE2022716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2022716"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A large number of mines have been closed due to resource depletion, failure to meet safety production requirements, and other reasons. To effectively ensure the safety of the ecological environment above these closed mines along with the safety of engineering construction, it is necessary to monitor the secondary deformation of closed mines. Based on TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1A data, and InSAR technology, this study obtained high-density secondary surface deformation data on the Jiahe Coal Mine and Pangzhuang Coal Mine in the western Xuzhou area. Combining mining geological data, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation patterns and mechanisms of secondary deformation in multi-seam mining of closed mines. It was found that when mining multiple seams involves large interlayer spacing, the secondary deformation pattern shows a \u201cW\u201d shape. In this situation, the deformation can be divided into five stages: subsidence, uplift, re-subsidence, re-uplift, and relative stability. This study provides technical support for the evaluation and prevention of secondary deformation hazards in closed mines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T07:59:40Z","timestamp":1725263980000},"page":"3223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Monitoring and Law Analysis of Secondary Deformation on the Surface of Multi-Coal Seam Mining in Closed Mines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Coal Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Group Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sen","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Geociencias ( CSIC, UCM), Calle del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazhong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xipeng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Surveying & Mapping Institute, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The situation analysis and strategy research of closed\/abandoned mine resources comprehensive utilization in China","volume":"31","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coal Geol. 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