{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:30:34Z","timestamp":1780554634850,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFC3010700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3010700"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["42275081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275081"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3010700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3010700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42275081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An investigation is undertaken to explore a sudden quasi-linear precipitation and gale event that transpired in the afternoon of 30 May 2024 over Beijing. It was situated at the southwestern periphery of a double-center low-vortex system, where a moisture-rich belt efficiently channeled abundant warm, humid air northward from the south. The interplay between dynamical lifting, convergent airflow-induced uplift, and the amplifying effects of the northern mountainous terrain\u2019s topography creates favorable conditions that support the development and persistence of quasi-linear convective precipitation, accompanied by gale-force winds at the surface. The study also analyzes the impacts of five microphysics schemes (Lin, WSM6, Goddard, Morrison, and WDM6) employed in a weather research and forecasting (WRF) numerical model, with which the simulated rainfall and radar reflectivity are compared against ground-based rain gauge network and weather radar observations, respectively. Simulations with the five microphysics schemes demonstrate commendable skills in replicating the macroscopic quasi-linear pattern of the event. Among the schemes assessed, the WSM6 scheme exhibits its superior agreement with radar observations. The Morrison scheme demonstrates superior performance in predicting cumulative rainfall. Nevertheless, five microphysics schemes exhibit limitations in predicting the rainfall amount, the rainfall duration, and the rainfall area, with a discernible lag of approximately 30 min in predicting precipitation onset, indicating a tendency to forecast peak rainfall events slightly posterior to their true occurrence. Furthermore, substantial disparities emerge in the simulation of the vertical distribution of hydrometeors, underscoring the intricacies of microphysical processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T12:54:42Z","timestamp":1725281682000},"page":"3259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Comparative Study of Cloud Microphysics Schemes in Simulating a Quasi-Linear Convective Thunderstorm Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3241-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7535-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100176, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8061-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minzheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9256-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congzheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmospheric and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"The major advances and development process of the theory of heavy rainfalls in China","volume":"38","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Torrent Rain Disasters"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1175\/2008MWR2556.1","article-title":"Impact of cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line: Comparison of one- and two-moment schemes","volume":"137","author":"Morrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mon. 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