{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:05:49Z","timestamp":1775581549603,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Central Axis Protection Foundation","award":["2023DYKT005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023DYKT005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploring the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions is crucial for formulating effective emission reduction policies. Using nighttime light data and attribute data from 68 Chinese cities (2002\u20132021), this paper develops an urban development evaluation system with the entropy method. The Lasso method is employed to select key factors affecting carbon emissions, and hierarchical regression models are utilized to analyze these factors across different city types. The results show the following: (1) The extraction of built-up areas using integrated nighttime light data yields an overall accuracy ranging from 70.90% to 98.87%, reflecting high precision. (2) Expanding cities have predominated over the past two decades, indicating a continued upward trend in urbanization in China. (3) Urban development is influenced by internal characteristics and geographic location: contracting cities are mainly inland heavy industrial centers, while expanding cities are located in economically advanced coastal regions. Additionally, it is also impacted by the growth of surrounding cities, exemplified by the imbalance between central cities and their peripheries within metropolitan areas. (4) The expansion of built-up areas is a significant factor affecting carbon emissions across all city types. For expanding cities, managing population growth and promoting tertiary sector development are recommended, while contracting cities should focus on judicious economic planning and virescence area protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T12:22:33Z","timestamp":1725366153000},"page":"3274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of the Expansion and Contraction of China Cities on Carbon Emissions, 2002\u20132021, Evidence from Integrated Nighttime Light Data and City Attributes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Aoming","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510520, China"}]},{"given":"Wutao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}]},{"given":"Zhishou","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Morikawa, H. 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