{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:17:42Z","timestamp":1776215862899,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB2601100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2601100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ10047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ20041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ20041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ20046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ20046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51979014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52271257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12201636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023RC3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC3013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20230889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20230889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2021YFB2601100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2601100"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2022JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ10047"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2022JJ20041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ20041"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2023JJ20046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ20046"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["51979014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979014"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["52271257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271257"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["12201636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201636"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2023RC3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC3013"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["CX20230889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20230889"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFB2601100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2601100"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ10047"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022JJ20041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ20041"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023JJ20046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ20046"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51979014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979014"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52271257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271257"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12201636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201636"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023RC3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC3013"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CX20230889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20230889"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2021YFB2601100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2601100"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2022JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ10047"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2022JJ20041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ20041"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2023JJ20046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ20046"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["51979014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979014"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["52271257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271257"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["12201636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201636"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2023RC3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC3013"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"]}]},{"name":"science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["CX20230889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20230889"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["2021YFB2601100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2601100"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["2022JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ10047"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["2022JJ20041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ20041"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["2023JJ20046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ20046"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["51979014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979014"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["52271257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271257"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["12201636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201636"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["2023RC3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC3013"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"]}]},{"name":"Youth Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST","award":["CX20230889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20230889"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB2601100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2601100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ10047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ10047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JJ20041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJ20041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ20046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ20046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51979014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52271257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12201636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12201636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023RC3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023RC3013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JCJQ-QT-049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010083","name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX20230889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX20230889"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wave-induced mixing can enhance vertical mixing in the upper ocean, facilitating the exchange of heat and momentum between the surface and deeper layers, thereby influencing ocean circulation and climate patterns. Building on previous research, this study proposes a wave-induced mixing parameterization scheme (referred to as EXP3) specifically designed for typhoon periods. This scheme was integrated into the fully coupled ocean\u2013wave\u2013atmosphere model COAWST and applied to analyze Typhoon In-Fa (2021) as a case study. The simulation results were validated against publicly available data, demonstrating a good overall match with observed phenomena. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted between the EXP3 scheme, the previous scheme (EXP2) and the original model scheme (EXP1). Validation against Argo and Drifter buoy data revealed that both EXP2 and EXP3, which include wave-induced mixing effects, resulted in a decrease in the simulated mixed layer depth (MLD) and mixed layer temperature (MLT), with EXP3 showing closer alignment with the observed data. Compared to the other two experiments, EXP3 enhanced vertical motion in the ocean due to intensified wave-induced mixing, leading to increased upper-layer water divergence and upwelling, a decrease in sea surface temperature and accelerated rightward deflection of surface currents. This phenomenon not only altered the temperature structure of the ocean surface layer but also significantly impacted the regional ocean dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T05:30:02Z","timestamp":1725514202000},"page":"3298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of a New Wave Mixing Scheme on Ocean Dynamics in Typhoon Conditions: A Case Study of Typhoon In-Fa (2021)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingmin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Gao, S., Ji, X., Zhu, X., Zheng, J., and Guo, S. (2024). Impact of Typhoons on the Ecological Environment of the Pearl River Estuary in the Summer of 2021\u2014A Study of an Algal Bloom Event. Front. Mar. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1395804"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, H.J., and Park, K.A. (2021). Estimation of Extreme Significant Wave Height in the Northwest Pacific Using Satellite Altimeter Data Focused on Typhoons (1992\u20132016). Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061063"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2022.103298","article-title":"Analysis of Extreme Sea States under the Impact of Typhoon in Different Periods: A Nested Stochastic Compound Distribution Applied in the South China Sea","volume":"127","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Ocean Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-021-04628-6","article-title":"Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Storm Surges and Rough Seas in Coastal Areas of Mainland China from 2000 to 2019","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-019-03793-z","article-title":"Assessment and Zonation of Storm Surge Hazards in the Coastal Areas of China","volume":"100","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, S., Du, Y., Yi, J., Liang, F., Qian, J., Wang, N., and Tu, W. (2022). Understanding Human Activities in Response to Typhoon Hato from Multi-Source Geospatial Big Data: A Case Study in Guangdong, China. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051269"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-024-02218-8","article-title":"Physical Vulnerability Curve Construction and Quantitative Risk Assessment of a Typhoon-Triggered Debris Flow via Numerical Simulation: A Case Study of Zhejiang Province, SE China","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Zhao, S., and Wang, G. (2021). Spatiotemporal Variations in Meteorological Disasters and Vulnerability in China During 2001\u20132020. Front. Earth Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2021.789523"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, G., Zhao, L., Chai, F., Liu, F., Li, M., and Xie, H. (2020). Summertime Oxygen Depletion and Acidification in Bohai Sea, China. Front. Mar. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.00252"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2024.106576","article-title":"Response of Chlorophyll-a to Rainfall Event in the Basin of the South China Sea: Statistical Analysis","volume":"199","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Qiao, F., Fang, G., and Wei, Z. (2010). Application of Wave-Induced Vertical Mixing to the K Profile Parameterization Scheme. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 115.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JC005856"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1029\/RG020i004p00851","article-title":"Development of a Turbulence Closure Model for Geophysical Fluid Problems","volume":"20","author":"Mellor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8411","DOI":"10.1029\/JC091iC07p08411","article-title":"Diurnal Cycling: Observations and Models of the Upper Ocean Response to Diurnal Heating, Cooling, and Wind Mixing","volume":"91","author":"Price","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1029\/94RG01872","article-title":"Oceanic Vertical Mixing: A Review and a Model with a Nonlocal Boundary Layer Parameterization","volume":"32","author":"Large","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"98","article-title":"A One-Dimensional Model of the Seasonal Thermocline II","volume":"19","author":"Kraus","year":"1967","journal-title":"Gen. Theory Its Conseq. Tellus"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1974)031<1791:AHOTCM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Hierarchy of Turbulence Closure Models for Planetary Boundary Layers","volume":"31","author":"Mellor","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16179","DOI":"10.1029\/JC095iC09p16179","article-title":"A Simple Eddy Kinetic Energy Model for Simulations of the Oceanic Vertical Mixing: Tests at Station Papa and Long-term Upper Ocean Study Site","volume":"95","author":"Gaspar","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1994)024<2546:MWETIT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Modeling Wave-Enhanced Turbulence in the Ocean Surface Layer","volume":"24","author":"Craig","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2024, July 25). The Development of a Coastal Circulation Numerical Model: 1. Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Current Interaction. Available online: https:\/\/xueshu.baidu.com\/usercenter\/paper\/show?paperid=edacbbfeb14000b0eee6664d208ee0c5."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2010.04.002","article-title":"Wave\u2013Current Interaction in an Oceanic Circulation Model with a Vortex-Force Formalism: Application to the Surf Zone","volume":"34","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, F., Yuan, Y., Yang, Y., Zheng, Q., Xia, C., and Ma, J. (2004). Wave-induced Mixing in the Upper Ocean: Distribution and Application to a Global Ocean Circulation Model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019824"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-019-8268-9","article-title":"Study on Surface Wave-Induced Mixing of Transport Flux Residue under Typhoon Conditions","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ocean. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-012-4517-x","article-title":"Analytical Estimation of Mixing Coefficient Induced by Surface Wave-Generated Turbulence Based on the Equilibrium Solution of the Second-Order Turbulence Closure Model","volume":"56","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-2561(01)00041-X","article-title":"Vertical Mixing by Langmuir Circulations","volume":"6","author":"McWilliams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spill Sci. Technol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-002-0012-9","article-title":"Nonlocal Fluxes and Stokes Drift Effects in the K-Profile Parameterization","volume":"52","author":"Smyth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roekel, L.P.V., Fox-Kemper, B., Sullivan, P.P., Hamlington, P.E., and Haney, S.R. (2012). The Form and Orientation of Langmuir Cells for Misaligned Winds and Waves. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 117.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JC007516"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-14-0137.1","article-title":"Parameterization of Langmuir Circulation in the Ocean Mixed Layer Model Using LES and Its Application to the OGCM","volume":"46","author":"Noh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-17-0085.1","article-title":"Assessing the Effects of Langmuir Turbulence on the Entrainment Buoyancy Flux in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer","volume":"47","author":"Qing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2019.02.005","article-title":"A Comparison of Langmuir Turbulence Parameterizations and Key Wave Effects in a Numerical Model of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans","volume":"137","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Dong, C., Yang, Y., and Gao, X. (2020). Parameterization of Wave-Induced Mixing Using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) (I). Atmosphere, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11020207"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S., Wang, M., and Peng, B. (2022). Response of Temperature to Successive Typhoons in the South China Sea. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse10081157"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(2000)030<1407:TOMLRT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The 3D Oceanic Mixed Layer Response to Hurricane Gilbert","volume":"30","author":"Jacob","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, P., Sanford, T.B., and Imberger, J. (2009). Heat and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Budgets for Surface Layer Cooling Induced by the Passage of Hurricane Frances (2004). J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 114.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JC005603"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25235","DOI":"10.1029\/94JC02257","article-title":"An Improved Mixed Layer Model for Geophysical Applications","volume":"99","author":"Kantha","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1029\/JC090iC01p00903","article-title":"Simulation of the Mixed Layer at OWS November and Papa with Several Models","volume":"90","author":"Martin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.108138","article-title":"Wave\u2013Current Interaction by Typhoon Fongwong on Saline Water Intrusion and Vertical Stratification in the Yangtze River Estuary","volume":"279","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Li, R., Zhu, D., Zhao, D., and Guan, C. (2023). An Investigation of Impacts of Surface Waves-Induced Mixing on the Upper Ocean under Typhoon Megi (2010). Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071862"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-010-0326-y","article-title":"A Three-Dimensional Surface Wave\u2013Ocean Circulation Coupled Model and Its Initial Testing","volume":"60","author":"Qiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Z., Shao, W., Yu, W., and Li, J. (2021). A Study of Wave-Induced Effects on Sea Surface Temperature Simulations during Typhoon Events. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9060622"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, R., Shao, W., Hao, M., Zuo, J., and Hu, S. (2023). The Respondence of Wave on Sea Surface Temperature in the Context of Global Change. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15071948"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C.J., and Qiao, F. (2010). Wave-Turbulence Interaction and Its Induced Mixing in the Upper Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 115.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JC005853"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019JC015657","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JC015657","article-title":"Observational Evidence of Surface Wave-Generated Strong Ocean Turbulence","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2024, July 25). Study on Hydrodynamic Environment of the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea with Wave-Current Coupled Numerical Model. Available online: http:\/\/www.hyxbocean.cn\/en\/article\/id\/20040403."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JPO4328.1","article-title":"Turbulent Mixing Due to Surface Waves Indicated by Remote Sensing of Suspended Particulate Matter and Its Implementation into Coupled Modeling of Waves, Turbulence, and Circulation","volume":"41","author":"Pleskachevsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, J.B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Barker, D.M., Duda, M.G., Huang, X.-Y., Wang, W., and Powers, J.G. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3, National Center for Atmospheric Research."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7649","DOI":"10.1029\/98JC02622","article-title":"A Third-generation Wave Model for Coastal Regions: 1. Model Description and Validation","volume":"104","author":"Booij","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2004.08.002","article-title":"The Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS): A Split-Explicit, Free-Surface, Topography-Following-Coordinate Oceanic Model","volume":"9","author":"Shchepetkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2010.07.010","article-title":"Development of a Coupled Ocean\u2013Atmosphere\u2013Wave\u2013Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System","volume":"35","author":"Warner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, S., Zhang, W.Z., Wang, Y., and Chai, F. (2023). Mechanism of Oceanic Eddies in Modulating the Sea Surface Temperature Response to a Strong Typhoon in the Western North Pacific. Front. Mar. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1117301"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JC010783","article-title":"Shallow Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclones Observed on the Continental Shelf of the Northwestern S Outh C Hina S Ea","volume":"120","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Oceans"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-021-1702-9","article-title":"Observational Study of Super Typhoon Meranti (2016) Using Satellite, Surface Drifter, Argo Float and Reanalysis Data","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Z., Qiao, F., and Song, Y. (2012). Response of the Equatorial Basin-Wide SST to Non-Breaking Surface Wave-Induced Mixing in a Climate Model: An Amendment to Tropical Bias. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 117.","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JC007931"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-015-0823-0","article-title":"Ocean Response to Typhoon Nuri (2008) in Western Pacific and South China Sea","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2020.103345","article-title":"Sea Surface Current Response Patterns to Tropical Cyclones","volume":"208","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.1029\/JB073i016p05105","article-title":"Water Temperature Variations Resulting from Hurricanes","volume":"73","author":"Hazelworth","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2004.09.004","article-title":"A Regime Diagram for Classifying Turbulent Large Eddies in the Upper Ocean","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. Part I"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF-D-23-0115.1","article-title":"Improving the Statistical Representation of Tropical Cyclone In-Storm Sea Surface Temperature Cooling","volume":"39","author":"Wadler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Weather Forecast."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2000.33","article-title":"The Argo Project: Global Ocean Observations for Understanding and Prediction of Climate Variability","volume":"13","author":"Roemmich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/03091927009365783","article-title":"Wave-Driven Inertial Oscillations","volume":"1","author":"Hasselmann","year":"1970","journal-title":"Geophys. Fluid Dyn."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clement, U., G\u00e9rald, D., Lucile, G., Aur\u00e9lien, P., Fabrice, A., Maxime, B., and Yannice, F. (2021). Reconstructing Ocean Surface Current Combining Altimetry and Future Spaceborne Doppler Data. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 126.","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JC016560"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/17\/3298\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:49:03Z","timestamp":1760111343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/17\/3298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16173298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16173298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]}}}