{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:51:23Z","timestamp":1792806683037,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42101385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101385"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42371354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371354"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42375129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42375129"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the National Universities, China, University of Geosciences, Wuhan","award":["42101385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101385"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gcegc37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the National Universities, China, University of Geosciences, Wuhan","award":["42371354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42371354"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gcegc37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the National Universities, China, University of Geosciences, Wuhan","award":["42375129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42375129"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gcegc37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reanalysis and satellite retrieval are two primary approaches for obtaining large-scale and long-term Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) datasets. This study evaluates and compares the accuracy, long-term stability, and error characteristics of the MERRA-2, MODIS combined Dark Target and Deep Blue (DT&amp;DB), and VIIRS DB AOD products globally and regionally. The results indicate that the MERRA-2 AOD exhibits the highest accuracy with an expected error (EE, \u00b10.05 \u00b1 20%) of 83.24% and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.056, maintaining a stability of 0.010 per decade. However, since the MERRA-2 AOD ceased assimilating observations other than the MODIS AOD in 2014, its accuracy decreased by approximately 5.6% in the EE metric after 2014. The VIIRS Deep Blue (DB) AOD product, with an EE of 79.43% and stability of 0.016 per decade, is slightly less accurate and stable compared to the MERRA-2 AOD. The MODIS DT&amp;DB AOD demonstrates an EE of 76.75% and stability of 0.011 per decade. Regionally, the MERRA-2 AOD performs acceptably in most areas, especially in low-aerosol-loading regions, with an EE &gt; 86% and stability ~0.02 per decade. The VIIRS DB AOD excels in high-aerosol-loading regions, such as the Indian subcontinent, with an EE of 69.14% and a stability of 0.049 per decade. The performance of the MODIS DT&amp;DB AOD falls between that of VIIRS DB and MERRA-2 across most regions. Overall, each product meets the accuracy and stability metrics globally, but users need to select the appropriate product for analysis based on the validation results of the accuracy and stability in different regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16173304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1725534959000},"page":"3304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Validation and Comparison of Long-Term Accuracy and Stability of Global Reanalysis and Satellite Retrieval AOD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Future Technology (SFT), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lunche","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Future Technology (SFT), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019RG000660","DOI":"10.1029\/2019RG000660","article-title":"Bounding Global Aerosol Radiative Forcing of Climate Change","volume":"58","author":"Bellouin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. 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