{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:09:35Z","timestamp":1768568975989,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2019YFA0606702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606702"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["LSKJ202202704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSKJ202202704"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB42000000"]}]},{"name":"Laoshan Laboratory","award":["2019YFA0606702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606702"]}]},{"name":"Laoshan Laboratory","award":["LSKJ202202704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSKJ202202704"]}]},{"name":"Laoshan Laboratory","award":["XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB42000000"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019YFA0606702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFA0606702"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["LSKJ202202704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSKJ202202704"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB42000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB42000000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is significantly modulated by Indo-Pacific climate forcing, especially the El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). However, when ENSO and IOD occur concurrently, they tend to play different roles in the ITF volume transport. By employing an improved Constructed Circulation Analogue (CCA) method, the relative contributions of these climate events to the ITF inflow and outflow transport in the upper and lower layers were quantified. The results indicate that during co-occurring El Ni\u00f1o and positive IOD events, ENSO is the dominant influence, with ratio values of 5.5:1 (3.5:1) in the upper layer and 1.7:1 (1.6:1) in the lower layer of the inflow (outflow). Conversely, during co-occurring La Ni\u00f1a and negative IOD events, the IOD predominates, with ratio values of 1:6 (1:6.5) in the upper layer and 1:4 (1:3) in the lower layer of the inflow (outflow). The mechanisms underlying these variations in the upper and lower layers can be explained by the differences in sea level anomaly (SLA) and wave propagation, respectively. This study provides a new insight into distinct roles of climate forcing on the ITF volume transport during the simultaneous occurrence of multiple climate modes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16183395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T08:04:09Z","timestamp":1726128249000},"page":"3395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Asymmetric Response of the Indonesian Throughflow to Co-Occurring El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation\u2013Indian Ocean Dipole Events"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8026-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aojie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, China"},{"name":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of China Meteorological Administration, Changsha 410000, China"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, China"},{"name":"High Impact Weather Key Laboratory of China Meteorological Administration, Changsha 410000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tengfei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dynatmoce.2009.12.002","article-title":"The Indonesian throughflow during 2004\u20132006 as observed by the INSTANT program","volume":"50","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dyn. 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