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Glacial mass changes in the HMA subregions show clear regional characteristics. Interannual glacial mass changes in the HMA region are closely related to interannual oscillations of precipitation and temperature, and are also correlated with El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Glacial mass changes in the regions (R1\u2013R6) are dominated by precipitation, and ENSO affects interannual glacial mass changes mainly by affecting precipitation. In region (R7) and region (R8), the glacial mass changes are mainly controlled by temperature. ENSO also affects the interannual glacial mass changes by affecting interannual changes in temperature. The interannual glacial mass changes in regions (R9\u2013R11) are jointly dominated by temperature and precipitation, and also related to ENSO. Another interesting finding of this study is that glacial mass changes in the western part of HMA (R1\u2013R6) show a clear 6\u20137-year oscillation, strongly correlated with a similar oscillation in precipitation, while in the eastern part (R9\u2013R11), a 2\u20133-year oscillation was found in both glacial mass change and precipitation, as well as temperature. These results verify the response of interannual HMA glacial mass changes to climate processes, crucial for understanding regional climate dynamics and sustainable water resource management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16183426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T10:56:57Z","timestamp":1726484217000},"page":"3426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interannual Glacial Mass Changes in High Mountain Asia and Connections to Climate Variability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9795-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2045-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5405-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China"},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183188","article-title":"Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers","volume":"328","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3189\/172756409787769591","article-title":"Six decades of glacier mass-balance observations: A review of the worldwide monitoring network","volume":"50","author":"Zemp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. 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