{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:33:12Z","timestamp":1775745192747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province","award":["2023YFS0415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0415"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ062"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province","award":["23YJA850003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJA850003"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["2023YFS0415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0415"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ062"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["23YJA850003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJA850003"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","award":["2023YFS0415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFS0415"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ062"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China","award":["23YJA850003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YJA850003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional indoor models have wide applications in fields such as indoor navigation, civil engineering, virtual reality, and so on. With the development of LiDAR technology, automatic reconstruction of indoor models from point clouds has gained significant attention. We propose a new framework for generating indoor 3D digital models from point clouds. The proposed method first generates a room instance map of an indoor scene. Walls are detected and projected onto a horizontal plane to form line segments. These segments are extended, intersected, and, by solving an integer programming problem, line segments are selected to create room polygons. The polygons are converted into a raster image, and image connectivity detection is used to generate a room instance map. Then the roofs of the point cloud are extracted and used to perform an overlap analysis with the generated room instance map to segment the entire roof point cloud, obtaining the roof for each room. Room boundaries are defined by extracting and regularizing the roof point cloud boundaries. Finally, by detecting doors and windows in the scene in two steps, we generate the floor plans and 3D models separately. Experiments with the Giblayout dataset show that our method is robust to clutter and furniture point clouds, achieving high-accuracy models that match real scenes. The mean precision and recall for the floorplans are both 0.93, and the Point\u2013Surface Distance (PSD) and standard deviation of the PSD for the 3D models are 0.044 m and 0.066 m, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16183462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T03:34:20Z","timestamp":1726716860000},"page":"3462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A New Framework for Generating Indoor 3D Digital Models from Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Center of Intelligent Unmanned Perception System, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3394-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronghao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Center of Intelligent Unmanned Perception System, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Center of Intelligent Unmanned Perception System, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxiang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Center of Intelligent Unmanned Perception System, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Center of Intelligent Unmanned Perception System, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Innovation Center of Intelligent Unmanned Perception System, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Anxin Kechuang Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610045, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2010.06.003","article-title":"A review and outlook for a \u2018Building Information Model\u2019(BIM): A multi-standpoint framework for technological development","volume":"25","author":"Cerovsek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. 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