{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:25Z","timestamp":1760146105639,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62205331","2022YFF0708500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205331","2022YFF0708500"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Plan of China","award":["62205331","2022YFF0708500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205331","2022YFF0708500"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In applications such as satellite remote sensing and aerial photography, imaging equipment must capture brightness information of different ground scenes within a restricted dynamic range. Due to camera sensor limitations, captured images can represent only a portion of such information, which results in lower resolution and lower dynamic range compared with real scenes. Image super resolution (SR) and multiple-exposure image fusion (MEF) are commonly employed technologies to address these issues. Nonetheless, these two problems are often researched in separate directions. In this paper, we propose MEFSR-GAN: an end-to-end framework based on generative adversarial networks that simultaneously combines super-resolution and multiple-exposure fusion. MEFSR-GAN includes a generator and two discriminators. The generator network consists of two parallel sub-networks for under-exposure and over-exposure, each containing a feature extraction block (FEB), a super-resolution block (SRB), and several multiple-exposure feedback blocks (MEFBs). It processes low-resolution under- and over-exposed images to produce high-resolution high dynamic range (HDR) images. These images are evaluated by two discriminator networks, driving the generator to generate realistic high-resolution HDR outputs through multi-goal training. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments were conducted on the SICE dataset, yielding a PSNR of 24.821 and an SSIM of 0.896 for 2\u00d7 upscaling. These results demonstrate that MEFSR-GAN outperforms existing methods in terms of both visual effects and objective evaluation metrics, thereby establishing itself as a state-of-the-art technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16183501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1727082907000},"page":"3501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MEFSR-GAN: A Multi-Exposure Feedback and Super-Resolution Multitask Network via Generative Adversarial Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1138-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Wanhong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.11.002","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of spatial heterogeneity on microwave satellite soil moisture periodic error","volume":"205","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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