{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:08:02Z","timestamp":1773079682686,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR)","award":["8434000306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8434000306"]}]},{"name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates","award":["8434000306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8434000306"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Arabian Peninsula (AP) is notable for its unique meteorological and climatic patterns and plays a pivotal role in understanding regional climate dynamics and dust emissions. The scarcity of ground-based observations makes atmospheric data essential, rendering reanalysis and satellite products invaluable for understanding weather patterns and climate variability. However, the accuracy of these products in the AP\u2019s desert environment has not been extensively evaluated. This study undertakes the first comprehensive validation of reanalysis products\u2014the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts\u2019 European Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) and ERA5 Land (ERA5L), along with Clouds and Earth\u2019s Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiation fluxes\u2014against measurements from the Liwa desert in the UAE. The data, collected during the Wind-blown Sand Experiment (WISE)\u2013UAE field experiment from July 2022 to December 2023, includes air temperature and relative humidity at 2 m, 10 m wind speed, surface pressure, skin temperature, and net radiation fluxes. Our analysis reveals a strong agreement between ERA5\/ERA5L and the observed diurnal T2m cycle, despite a warm night bias and cold day bias with a magnitude within 2 K. The wind speed analysis uncovered a bimodal distribution attributed to sea-breeze circulation and the nocturnal low-level jet, with the reanalysis overestimating the nighttime wind speeds by 2 m s\u22121. This is linked to biases in nighttime temperatures arising from an inaccurate representation of nocturnal boundary layer processes. The daytime cold bias contrasts with the excessive net radiation flux at the surface by about 50\u2013100 W m\u22122, underscoring the challenges in the physical representation of land\u2013atmosphere interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16193593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T11:40:27Z","timestamp":1727350827000},"page":"3593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of Reanalysis and Satellite Products against Ground-Based Observations in a Desert Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0066-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narendra","family":"Nelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Earth Sciences Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7587-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Earth Sciences Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4602-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alkatheeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Earth Sciences Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8562-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Earth Sciences Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106506","article-title":"Regional atmospheric circulation patterns driving consecutive fog events in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"282","author":"Fonseca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. 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