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RTMs with multi-temporal and realistic forest representations enable radiative transfer (RT) modeling for real-world dynamic processes. To achieve more realistic RT modeling for dynamic forest processes, this study presents the 3D-explicit reconstruction of a typical temperate deciduous forest in 2015 and 2022. We demonstrate for the first time the potential use of bitemporal 3D-explicit RT modeling from terrestrial laser scanning on the forward modeling and quantitative interpretation of: (1) remote sensing (RS) observations of leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), and canopy light extinction, and (2) the impact of canopy gap dynamics on light availability of explicit locations. Results showed that, compared to the 2015 scene, the hemispherical-directional reflectance factor (HDRF) of the 2022 forest scene relatively decreased by 3.8% and the leaf FAPAR relatively increased by 5.4%. At explicit locations where canopy gaps significantly changed between the 2015 scene and the 2022 scene, only under diffuse light did the branch damage and closing gap significantly impact ground light availability. This study provides the first bitemporal RT comparison based on the 3D RT modeling, which uses one of the most realistic bitemporal forest scenes as the structural input. This bitemporal 3D-explicit forest RT modeling allows spatially explicit modeling over time under fully controlled experimental conditions in one of the most realistic virtual environments, thus delivering a powerful tool for studying canopy light regimes as impacted by dynamics in forest structure and developing RS inversion schemes on forest structural changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16193639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T05:45:27Z","timestamp":1727675127000},"page":"3639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bitemporal Radiative Transfer Modeling Using Bitemporal 3D-Explicit Forest Reconstruction from Terrestrial Laser Scanning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2919-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Q-ForestLab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4562-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Calders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Q-ForestLab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niall","family":"Origo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate and Earth Observation Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, 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France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESBIO, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNES\/CNRS\/INRAE\/IRD\/UT3-Paul Sabatier, 18, Avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2486-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9licien","family":"Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Q-ForestLab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"ISOFYS\u2014Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Green chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1232-3424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Armston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2407-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Disney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Woodgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"CSIRO, Space and Astronomy, 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