{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:32:57Z","timestamp":1761294777527,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France)","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ, France)","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]},{"name":"Acad\u00e9mie de Versailles (78, France)","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]},{"name":"Communaut\u00e9 d\u2019Agglom\u00e9ration de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (SQY, France)","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]},{"name":"Centre Paris-Saclay des Sciences Spatiales (CPS3, France)","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uvsq-Sat NG is a French 6U CubeSat (10 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 30 cm) of the International Satellite Program in Research and Education (INSPIRE) designed primarily for observing greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2 and CH4, measuring the Earth\u2019s radiation budget (ERB), and monitoring solar spectral irradiance (SSI) at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA). It epitomizes an advancement in CubeSat technology, showcasing its enhanced capabilities for comprehensive Earth observation. Scheduled for launch in 2025, the satellite carries a compact and miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer capable of performing observations in both nadir and solar directions within the wavelength range of 1100 to 2000 nm, with a spectral resolution of 7 nm and a 0.15\u00b0 field of view. This study outlines the preflight calibration process of the Uvsq-Sat NG NIR spectrometer (UNIS), with a focus on the spectral response function and the absolute calibration of the instrument. The absolute scale of the UNIS spectrometer was accurately calibrated with a quartz-halogen lamp featuring a coiled-coil tungsten filament, certified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard of spectral irradiance. Furthermore, this study details the ground-based measurements of direct SSI through atmospheric NIR windows conducted with the UNIS spectrometer. The measurements were obtained at the Pommier site (45.54\u00b0N, 0.83\u00b0W) in Charentes\u2013Maritimes (France) on 9 May 2024. The objective of these measurements was to verify the absolute calibration of the UNIS spectrometer conducted in the laboratory and to provide an extraterrestrial solar spectrum using the Langley-plot technique. By extrapolating the data to AirMass Zero (AM0), we obtained high-precision results that show excellent agreement with SOLAR-HRS and TSIS-1 HSRS solar spectra. At 1.6 \u03bcm, the SSI was determined to be 238.59 \u00b1 3.39 mW.m\u22122.nm\u22121 (k = 2). These results demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the UNIS spectrometer for both SSI observations and GHG measurements, providing a solid foundation for future orbital data collection and analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16193655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T06:39:35Z","timestamp":1727678375000},"page":"3655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advancing CubeSats Capabilities: Ground-Based Calibration of Uvsq-Sat NG Satellite\u2019s NIR Spectrometer and Determination of the Extraterrestrial Solar Spectrum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustapha","family":"Meftah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bols\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Van Laeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cannelle","family":"Clavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"},{"name":"ACRI-ST\u2014CERGA, 10 Avenue Nicolas Copernic, 06130 Grasse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6495-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loren","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space Science and Engineering, National Central University (NCU), 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7041-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Sarkissian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Galopeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-6994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Hauchecorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8119-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Richard","family":"Dahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Dam\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, 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France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e8le","family":"Minet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Maso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9tienne","family":"Brodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slimane","family":"Bekki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Billard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Keckhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay (UPS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 11 Boulevard d\u2019Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meftah, M., Clavier, C., Sarkissian, A., Hauchecorne, A., Bekki, S., Lef\u00e8vre, F., Galopeau, P., Dahoo, P.R., Pazmino, A., and Vieau, A.J. 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