{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:41:22Z","timestamp":1772721682299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national key research and development program of China funded project","award":["2023YFC3006604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006604"]}]},{"name":"national key research and development program of China funded project","award":["JZ110145B0022024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0022024"]}]},{"name":"national key research and development program of China funded project","award":["GY2401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY2401"]}]},{"name":"national key research and development program of China funded project","award":["20232BBG70029-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBG70029-1"]}]},{"name":"national key research and development program of China funded project","award":["2022KSG01002-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KSG01002-1"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","award":["2023YFC3006604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006604"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","award":["JZ110145B0022024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0022024"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","award":["GY2401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY2401"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","award":["20232BBG70029-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBG70029-1"]}]},{"name":"Special Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","award":["2022KSG01002-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KSG01002-1"]}]},{"name":"2024 Public Business Expenses of Research Center on Flood and Drought Reduction Center","award":["2023YFC3006604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006604"]}]},{"name":"2024 Public Business Expenses of Research Center on Flood and Drought Reduction Center","award":["JZ110145B0022024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0022024"]}]},{"name":"2024 Public Business Expenses of Research Center on Flood and Drought Reduction Center","award":["GY2401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY2401"]}]},{"name":"2024 Public Business Expenses of Research Center on Flood and Drought Reduction Center","award":["20232BBG70029-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBG70029-1"]}]},{"name":"2024 Public Business Expenses of Research Center on Flood and Drought Reduction Center","award":["2022KSG01002-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KSG01002-1"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["2023YFC3006604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006604"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["JZ110145B0022024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0022024"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["GY2401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY2401"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["20232BBG70029-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBG70029-1"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","award":["2022KSG01002-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KSG01002-1"]}]},{"name":"\u2018Science and Technology + Water Resources\u2019 Joint Plan Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["2023YFC3006604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006604"]}]},{"name":"\u2018Science and Technology + Water Resources\u2019 Joint Plan Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["JZ110145B0022024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ110145B0022024"]}]},{"name":"\u2018Science and Technology + Water Resources\u2019 Joint Plan Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["GY2401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY2401"]}]},{"name":"\u2018Science and Technology + Water Resources\u2019 Joint Plan Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["20232BBG70029-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BBG70029-1"]}]},{"name":"\u2018Science and Technology + Water Resources\u2019 Joint Plan Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["2022KSG01002-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KSG01002-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing studies on the vulnerability assessment of ecological drought often focus on analyzing vegetation phenotypic characteristics, overlooking the impact of drought on ecosystem services. This study proposes an ecosystem vulnerability assessment method under ecological drought stress from the perspective of ecosystem service value (ESV), considering the characteristics and interactions of hazard-causing factors and hazard-bearing bodies. The spatiotemporal evolution of ecological drought, the spatial characteristics of ecosystem vulnerability, and the vulnerability characteristics of different ecosystem types in the North China region from 1991 to 2021 were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) ecological drought exhibited a trend of intensification followed by alleviation, with the most severe droughts occurring between 2002 and 2011, affecting up to 64.3% of the region; (2) ESV was mainly influenced by vegetation cover and precipitation gradients, displaying a spatial pattern of high values in the southeast and low values in the northwest, with total ESV averaging CNY 18.23 trillion; (3) grasslands exhibited higher sensitivity to drought compared to forests, and the sensitivity was higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. This method assessed the vulnerability of ecological drought from the perspective of ecosystem services, providing a new approach for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of drought on ecosystem service functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16193733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1728388914000},"page":"3733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating Ecological Drought Vulnerability from Ecosystem Service Value Perspectives in North China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tianliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9611-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuejun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Lanshu","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}]},{"given":"Gengxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"},{"name":"Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-09-2021-1171","article-title":"A critical review of robot research and future research opportunities: Adopting a service ecosystem perspective","volume":"34","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, L., Wei, X., Luo, P., Wang, S., Kong, D., and Yang, J. (2023). Ecological Security Patterns at Different Spatial Scales on the Loess Plateau. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15041011"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2020.101096","article-title":"Valuing natural capital and ecosystem services toward the goals of efficiency, fairness, and sustainability","volume":"43","author":"Costanza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envdev.2020.100527","article-title":"Impact of land use change on ecosystem services: A review","volume":"34","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, F., Shu, N., Wan, Q., and Huang, Q. (2023). Land Use Function Transition and Associated Ecosystem Service Value Effects Based on Production-Living-Ecological Space: A Case Study in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Land, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/land12020391"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108828","article-title":"The ecosystem service values simulation and driving force analysis based on land use\/land cover: A case study in inland rivers in arid areas of the Aksu River Basin, China","volume":"138","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Yang, J., Sun, D., Li, T., and Liu, Y. (2022). Spatial Responses of Ecosystem Service Value during the Development of Urban Agglomerations. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11020165"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108604","article-title":"Construction and optimization strategy of ecological security pattern in a rapidly urbanizing region: A case study in central-south China","volume":"136","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108706","article-title":"Coupling coordination analysis of ecosystem services and urban development of resource-based cities: A case study of Tangshan city","volume":"136","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127321","article-title":"Evaluating the potential impacts of land use changes on ecosystem service value under multiple scenarios in support of SDG reporting: A case study of the Wuhan urban agglomeration","volume":"307","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.105995","article-title":"Quantification of the coupling relationship between ecological compensation and ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China","volume":"114","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128718","article-title":"Spatial Differentiation and Driving Mechanisms in Ecosystem Service Value of Arid Region:A case study in the middle and lower reaches of Shule River Basin, NW China","volume":"319","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"e02008","article-title":"Terrain gradient variations in the ecosystem services value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101542","article-title":"Modeling urban growth sustainability in the cloud by augmenting Google Earth Engine (GEE)","volume":"84","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, S., Huang, J., and Chai, Y. (2021). Proposing a GEE-Based Spatiotemporally Adjusted Value Transfer Method to Assess Land-Use Changes and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Service Values in the Shenyang Metropolitan Area. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212694"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103703","article-title":"Drought-induced vulnerability and resilience of different land use types using time series of MODIS-based indices","volume":"91","author":"Sadian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01584-2","article-title":"Widespread spring phenology effects on drought recovery of Northern Hemisphere ecosystems","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2021.108567","article-title":"Resistance and resilience of grasslands to drought detected by SIF in inner Mongolia, China","volume":"308\u2013309","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado-Silva, F., Peres, L.F., Gouveia, C.M., Enrich-Prast, A., Peixoto, R.B., Pereira, J.M.C., Marotta, H., Fernandes, P.J.F., and Libonati, R. (2021). Drought Resilience Debt Drives NPP Decline in the Amazon Forest. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 35.","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GB007004"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108139","article-title":"Resistance and resilience of a semi-arid grassland to multi-year extreme drought","volume":"131","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2022.108809","article-title":"Evaluation of ecosystem resilience to drought based on drought intensity and recovery time","volume":"314","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40333-018-0005-2","article-title":"Performance of different drought indices for agriculture drought in the North China Plain","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Arid Land"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, X., Zhang, W., Fang, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, C., Chen, D., Cheng, C., Fan, W., and Yu, Y. (2021). Identification of Regional Drought Processes in North China Using MCI Analysis. Land, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/land10121390"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Jarvis, A., Reuter, H.I., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E. (2024, June 13). Hole-Filled SRTM for the Globe Version 4. CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m. Available online: https:\/\/csidotinfo.wordpress.com\/data\/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1\/."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz Sabater, J. (2022, November 18). ERA5-Land Monthly Averaged Data from 1981 to Present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). Available online: https:\/\/cds.climate.copernicus.eu\/datasets\/reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means?tab=overview."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2021.105536","article-title":"The balance between economic development and ecosystem service value in the process of land urbanization: A case study of China\u2019s land urbanization from 2000 to 2015","volume":"108","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.06.010","article-title":"Dynamic changes in the value of China\u2019s ecosystem services","volume":"26","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.110067","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variation of the ecosystem service value in China based on surface area","volume":"148","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, F., Cui, J., Zhang, S., Xin, X., Zhang, S., Zhou, J., and Zhang, Y. (2022). Spatio-Temporal distribution and driving factors of ecosystem service value in a fragile hilly area of North China. Land, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/land11122242"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2018.03.002","article-title":"Assessing the impact of desertification dynamics on regional ecosystem service value in North China from 1981 to 2010","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.04.014","article-title":"Estimation of the ecological water requirement for natural vegetation in the Ergune River basin in Northeastern China from 2001 to 2014","volume":"92","author":"Chi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab79e4","article-title":"Small-scale water deficits after wildfires create long-lasting ecological impacts","volume":"15","author":"Germino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5371","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0775.1","article-title":"Global Assessment of the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI) for Drought Analysis and Monitoring","volume":"31","author":"Miralles","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.05.039","article-title":"A linked surface water-groundwater modelling approach to more realistically simulate rainfall-runoff non-stationarity in semi-arid regions","volume":"575","author":"Deb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107804","article-title":"A novel index for ecological drought monitoring based on ecological water deficit","volume":"129","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.04.025","article-title":"Evaluation of SEBS, SEBAL, and METRIC models in estimation of the evaporation from the freshwater lakes (Case study: Amirkabir dam, Iran)","volume":"561","author":"Rahimzadegan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J. (1993, January 17\u201322). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1856","DOI":"10.1002\/met.1856","article-title":"Meteorological drought analysis using copula theory and drought indicators under climate change scenarios (RCP)","volume":"27","author":"Mesbahzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meteorol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L04707","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021853","article-title":"Variations in droughts over China: 1951\u20132003","volume":"32","author":"Zou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5515","article-title":"Drought characteristics over China during 1980\u20132015","volume":"38","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.10.036","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of drought during 1960\u20132012 in inner mongolia, north china","volume":"355","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Z., Sun, P., Zhang, Q., Hu, Y., and Jiang, W. (2021). Characterization and evaluation of MODIS-derived crop water stress index (CWSI) for monitoring drought from 2001 to 2017 over inner mongolia. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13020916"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, Y., Guo, E., Wang, Y., Bao, Y., and Mandula, N. (2021). Monitoring vegetation change and its potential drivers in inner mongolia from 2000 to 2019. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13173357"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.5194\/se-6-1185-2015","article-title":"MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation phenology dynamics in the inner mongolia grassland","volume":"6","author":"Gong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, Q., He, H., Nie, Q., Cui, Y., Gao, J., Wei, C., Xie, X., and You, J. (2020). Spatial and temporal variations of drought in inner mongolia, china. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12061715"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-27-559-2023","article-title":"Estimating propagation probability from meteorological to ecological droughts using a hybrid machine learning copula method","volume":"27","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12108","DOI":"10.1021\/es502408n","article-title":"Drought offset ecological restoration program-induced increase in vegetation activity in the beijing-tianjin sand source region, china","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145482","article-title":"Local climate and biodiversity affect the stability of China\u2019s grasslands in response to drought","volume":"768","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalski, K. (2024). Large-scale remote sensing analysis reveals an increasing coupling of grassland vitality to atmospheric water demand. Glob. Chang. Biol., 30.","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17315"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"074028","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad5570","article-title":"Heterogeneity in vegetation recovery rates post-flash droughts across different ecosystems","volume":"19","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/1442-1984.12076","article-title":"Comparisons of soil-water content between a moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest and an evergreen broadleaved forest in western Japan","volume":"30","author":"Shinohara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Species Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Yin, Y., Zhu, W., and Zhou, Y. (2018). Variations in soil bacterial community diversity and structures among different revegetation types in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02874"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.102953","article-title":"A review of environmental droughts: Increased risk under global warming?","volume":"201","author":"Quiring","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4640","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020383","article-title":"How climate seasonality modifies drought duration and deficit","volume":"119","author":"Loon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2016.07.0636","article-title":"Physiological and tolerance indices useful for drought tolerance selection in smooth bromegrass","volume":"57","author":"Saeidnia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s13157-018-1009-6","article-title":"Landscape-scale effects of supra-seasonal drought on semi-aquatic snake assemblages","volume":"38","author":"Vogrinc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wetlands"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/19\/3733\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:09:19Z","timestamp":1760112559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/19\/3733"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16193733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16193733","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]}}}