{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:26:07Z","timestamp":1776407167103,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research","award":["YSBR-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-037"]}]},{"name":"CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research","award":["IAEMP202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IAEMP202201"]}]},{"name":"Major Program of Institute of Applied Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["YSBR-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-037"]}]},{"name":"Major Program of Institute of Applied Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["IAEMP202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IAEMP202201"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team","award":["YSBR-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-037"]}]},{"name":"CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team","award":["IAEMP202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IAEMP202201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>China\u2019s forests act as a large carbon sink and play a vital role in achieving the carbon neutrality goal by the 2060s. To achieve this goal, the magnitude and spatial patterns of forest carbon sinks must be accurately quantified. In this study, we aim to provide the longest estimate of forest biomass carbon storage and sinks in China at a 1 km spatial resolution from 1990 to 2021 by merging long-term observations from optical and microwave remote sensing datasets with a field-validated benchmark map. We explored the spatial characteristics of aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) carbon in China\u2019s forests, as well as variations in AGB carbon sinks. The average AGB and BGB carbon storage from 1990 to 2021 in China\u2019s forests were 8.42 \u00b1 0.96 Pg C and 1.9 \u00b1 0.21 Pg C, respectively. The average annual AGB carbon sink during this period was approximately 0.083 \u00b1 0.023 Pg C yr\u22121. Forests in the southwest region contributed 31.15% of the forest AGB carbon sink in China and contributed 41.01% of the forest AGB carbon storage. Our study presents an effective tool for assessing changes in forest biomass carbon by leveraging comprehensive multi-source remote sensing data and highlights the importance of obtaining large-scale, high-quality, consistent, and accessible plot survey data to validate the earth observation of biomass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16203811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T07:47:05Z","timestamp":1728892025000},"page":"3811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Forest Biomass Carbon Sink in China from 1990 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenru","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Shafron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiushuang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruhong","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2170-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, 121 Thomas Poe Cooper Building, Lexington, KY 40546, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-14-4811-2022","article-title":"Global Carbon Budget 2022","volume":"14","author":"Friedlingstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth Syst. 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