{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:30:18Z","timestamp":1771461018652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union and the European Space Agency","award":["4000136252\/21\/I-BG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000136252\/21\/I-BG"]}]},{"name":"European Union and the European Space Agency","award":["CB\/67\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB\/67\/12"]}]},{"name":"Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid (Belspo)","award":["4000136252\/21\/I-BG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000136252\/21\/I-BG"]}]},{"name":"Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid (Belspo)","award":["CB\/67\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB\/67\/12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sentinel-3 synergy (SYN) VEGETATION (VGT) products were designed to provide continuity to the SPOT\/VEGETATION (SPOT VGT) base products archive. Since the PROBA-V mission acted as a gap filler between SPOT VGT and Sentinel-3, and in principle, a continuous series of data products from the combined data archives of SPOT VGT (1998\u20132014), PROBA-V (2013\u20132020) and Sentinel-3 SYN VGT (from 2018 onwards) are available to users, the consistency of Sentinel-3 SYN VGT with both the latest SPOT VGT (VGT-C3) and PROBA-V (PV-C2) archives is highly relevant. In past years, important changes have been implemented in the SYN VGT processing baseline. The archive of SYN VGT products is therefore intrinsically inconsistent, leading to different consistency levels with SPOT VGT and PROBA-V throughout the years. A spatio-temporal intercomparison of the combined time series of VGT-C3, PV-C2 and Sentinel-3 SYN VGT 10-day NDVI composite products with an external reference from LSA-SAF, and an intercomparison of Sentinel-3 SYN V10 products with a climatology of VGT-C3 resp. PV-C2 for three distinct periods with different levels of product quality have shown that the subsequent processing baseline updates have indeed resulted in better-quality products. It is therefore essential to reprocess the entire Sentinel-3 SYN VGT archive; a uniform data record of standard SPOT VGT, PROBA-V and Sentinel-3 SYN VGT products, spanning over 25 years, would provide valuable input for a wide range of applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16203822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T12:44:31Z","timestamp":1728909871000},"page":"3822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Evaluation of Sentinel-3 SYN VGT Products in Comparison to the SPOT\/VEGETATION and PROBA-V Archives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8541-2826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolien","family":"Tot\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7532-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Else","family":"Swinnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Henocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, BP 234, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henocq, C., North, P., Heckel, A., Ferron, S., Lamquin, N., Dransfeld, S., Bourg, L., Tot\u00e9, C., and Ramon, D. (2018, January 22\u201327). OLCI\/SLSTR SYN L2 Algorithm and Products Overview. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2018\u20142018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IEEE, Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2018.8517420"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.07.024","article-title":"The Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Sentinel-3 Mission","volume":"120","author":"Donlon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.883098","article-title":"The PROBA-V Mission: The Space Segment","volume":"35","author":"Francois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.883097","article-title":"PROBA-V Mission for Global Vegetation Monitoring: Standard Products and Image Quality","volume":"35","author":"Dierckx","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tot\u00e9, C., Swinnen, E., Sterckx, S., Benhadj, I., Dierckx, W., Gomez-Chova, L., Ramon, D., Stelzer, K., Van den Heuvel, L., and Clarijs, D. (2021, January 11\u201316). The Reprocessed Proba-V Collection 2: Product Validation. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS IEEE, Brussels, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS47720.2021.9553376"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tot\u00e9, C., Swinnen, E., Van Den Heuvel, L., and Clarijs, D. (2024, February 16). Evaluation of PROBA-V C2 Products Final Report. Available online: https:\/\/proba-v.vgt.vito.be\/sites\/probavvgt\/files\/downloads\/PROBA-V_C2_Evaluation.pdf.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16203822"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Wolters, E., Swinnen, E., Tot\u00e9, C., and Sterckx, S. (2016, June 29). SPOT-VGT Collection 3 Products User Manual. Available online: https:\/\/publications.vito.be\/2016-1034-spotvgt-collection-3-products-user-manual-v10.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wolters, E., Tot\u00e9, C., Dierckx, W., Paepen, M., and Swinnen, E. (2023). PROBA-V Collection 2 Products User Manual, VITO. Available online: https:\/\/proba-v.vgt.vito.be\/sites\/probavvgt\/files\/downloads\/PROBA-V_C2_Products_User_Manual.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Pelloquin, C., and Nieke, J. (2024, February 10). Sentinel-3 OLCI and SLSTR Simulated Spectral Response Functions. Available online: https:\/\/sentinel.esa.int\/documents\/247904\/322304\/SRF_modelled_Pelloquin_et_al\/b713b12a-723c-49f2-94db-af480870facf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2017.1395970","article-title":"Transitioning from MODIS to VIIRS: An Analysis of Inter-Consistency of NDVI Data Sets for Agricultural Monitoring","volume":"39","author":"Skakun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.08.032","article-title":"Identification and Correction of Systematic Error in NOAA AVHRR Long-Term Satellite Data Record","volume":"127","author":"Latifovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6493","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.496472","article-title":"Deriving an Inter-Sensor Consistent Calibration for the AVHRR Solar Reflectance Data Record","volume":"31","author":"Heidinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"102317","article-title":"Evaluation of the AVHRR Surface Reflectance Long Term Data Record between 1984 and 2011","volume":"98","author":"Vermote","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D09114","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009363","article-title":"Assessing the Consistency of AVHRR and MODIS L1B Reflectance for Generating Fundamental Climate Data Records","volume":"113","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.860205","article-title":"Evaluation of the Consistency of Long-Term NDVI Time Series Derived from AVHRR, SPOT-Vegetation, SeaWiFS, MODIS, and Landsat ETM+ Sensors","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160801927194","article-title":"Agreement Evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-Day Composite NDVI Data Sets","volume":"29","author":"Ji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.909948","article-title":"Extending the SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI Time Series (1998\u20132006) Back in Time With NOAA-AVHRR Data (1985\u20131998) for Southern Africa","volume":"46","author":"Swinnen","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"North, P., and Heckel, A. (2017, September 21). SYN Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. Available online: https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/documents\/247904\/349589\/SYN_L2-3_ATBD.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clerc, S., Donlon, C., Borde, F., Lamquin, N., Hunt, S.E., Smith, D., McMillan, M., Mittaz, J., Woolliams, E., and Hammond, M. (2020). Benefits and Lessons Learned from the Sentinel-3 Tandem Phase. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172668"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"S3-MPC (2024, August 23). Sentinel-3 SLSTR VIS and SWIR Channel Vicarious Calibration Adjustments. Available online: https:\/\/sentinels.copernicus.eu\/documents\/247904\/4620074\/Sentinel-3-SLSTR-VIS-and-SWIR-Channel-Vicarious-Calibration-Adjustments.pdf\/fef9161b-29d1-0578-0a7a-60246433a910."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.09.010","article-title":"Evaluation of the SPOT\/VEGETATION Collection 3 Reprocessed Dataset: Surface Reflectances and NDVI","volume":"201","author":"Swinnen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160310001598908","article-title":"Sun and View Angle Effects on NDVI Determination of Land Cover Types in the Brazilian Amazon Region with Hyperspectral Data","volume":"25","author":"Galvao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168508948283","article-title":"Canopy Reflectance, Photosynthesis and Transpiration","volume":"6","author":"Sellers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.883100","article-title":"Assessment of the Impact of the Orbital Drift of SPOT-VGT1 by Comparison with SPOT-VGT2 Data","volume":"35","author":"Swinnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.883094","article-title":"The PROBA-V Mission: Image Processing and Calibration","volume":"35","author":"Sterckx","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eerens, H., Baruth, B., Bydekerke, L., Deronde, B., Dries, J., Goor, E., Heyns, W., Jacobs, T., Ooms, B., and Piccard, I. (2009, January 9\u201312). Ten-Daily Global Composites of METOP-AVHRR. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Digital Earth: Data Processing and Applications, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.873233"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duveiller, G., Fasbender, D., and Meroni, M. (2016). Revisiting the Concept of a Symmetric Index of Agreement for Continuous Datasets. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19401"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23S90","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009662","article-title":"Atmospheric Correction for the Monitoring of Land Surfaces","volume":"113","author":"Vermote","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.08.030","article-title":"Evaluation of the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+ Surface Reflectance Products","volume":"169","author":"Claverie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2212447","article-title":"Evaluation of Agreement between Space Remote Sensing SPOT-VEGETATION FAPAR Time Series","volume":"51","author":"Meroni","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169508954601","article-title":"Noise Estimation in NOAA AVHRR Maximum-Value Composite NDVI Images","volume":"16","author":"Eklundh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niro, F. (2021). Evaluation of Orbital Drift Effect on Proba-v Surface Reflectances Time Series. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122250"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6680","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6076680","article-title":"Quantification of Impact of Orbital Drift on Inter-Annual Trends in AVHRR NDVI Data","volume":"6","author":"Nagol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n-Tavares, J., Roujean, J.L., Smets, B., Wolters, E., Tot\u00e9, C., and Swinnen, E. (2021). Correction of Directional Effects in Vegetation Ndvi Time-Series. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061130"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168608948945","article-title":"Characteristics of Maximum-Value Composite Images from Temporal AVHRR Data","volume":"7","author":"Holben","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000115265","article-title":"VEGETATION\/SPOT: An Operational Mission for the Earth Monitoring; Presentation of New Standard Products","volume":"25","author":"Maisongrande","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0758.1","article-title":"The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)","volume":"30","author":"Gelaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"North, P.R.J., Brockmann, C., Preusker, R., North, P., Fischer, J., Gomez-Chova, L., Grey, W., Heckel, A., Moreno, J., and Preusker, R. (2008, January 22\u201326). MERIS\/AATSR Synergy Algorithms for Cloud Screening, Aerosol Retrieval, and Atmospheric Correction. Proceedings of the 2nd MERIS\/(A)ATSR User Workshop; ESRIN, Frascati, Italy."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolters, E., Tot\u00e9, C., Sterckx, S., Adriaensen, S., Henocq, C., Bruniquel, J., Scifoni, S., and Dransfeld, S. (2021). Icor Atmospheric Correction on Sentinel-3\/OLCI over Land: Intercomparison with Aeronet, Radcalnet, and Syn Level-2. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040654"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/20\/3822\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:13:12Z","timestamp":1760112792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/20\/3822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16203822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16203822","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]}}}