{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:31:02Z","timestamp":1760146262624,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Agency under France 2030","award":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-CMAS-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular scattering (Rayleigh scattering) has been extensively used from the ground with lidars and from space to observe the limb, thereby deriving vertical temperature profiles between 30 and 80 km. In this study, we investigate how temperature can be measured using the new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) sensor, aboard the Suomi NPP and NOAA-21 satellites. The OMPS consists of three instruments whose main purpose is to study the composition of the stratosphere. One of these, the Limb Profiler (LP), measures the radiance of the limb of the middle atmosphere (stratosphere and mesosphere, 12 to 90 km altitude) at wavelengths from 290 to 1020 nm. This new data set has been used with a New Simplified Radiative Transfer Model (NSRTM) to derive temperature profiles with a vertical resolution of 1 km. To validate the method, the OMPS-derived temperature profiles were compared with data from four ground-based lidars and the ERA5 and MSIS models. The results show that OMPS and the lidars are in agreement within a range of about 5 K from 30 to 80 km. Comparisons with the models also show similar results, except for ERA5 beyond 50 km. We investigated various sources of bias, such as different attenuation sources, which can produce errors of up to 120 K in the UV range, instrumental errors around 0.8 K and noise problems of up to 150 K in the visible range for OMPS. This study also highlighted the interest in developing a new miniaturised instrument that could provide real-time observation of atmospheric vertical temperature profiles using a constellation of CubeSats with our NSRTM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16203878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T09:58:24Z","timestamp":1729504704000},"page":"3878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limb Temperature Observations in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Derived from the OMPS Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Da Costa Louro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Universit\u00e9 Versailles-Saint Quentin, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78280 Guyancourt, France"},{"name":"ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, Sophia-Antipolis, 06130 Grasse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Keckhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Universit\u00e9 Versailles-Saint Quentin, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-6994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Hauchecorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Universit\u00e9 Versailles-Saint Quentin, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustapha","family":"Meftah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Universit\u00e9 Versailles-Saint Quentin, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78280 Guyancourt, France"}]},{"given":"Glen","family":"Jaross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Mangin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACRI-ST, 260 Route du Pin Montard, Sophia-Antipolis, 06130 Grasse, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-006-0165-1","article-title":"The impact of natural and anthropogenic forcings on climate and hydrology since 1550","volume":"28","author":"Tett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1029\/2002RG000121","article-title":"Review of Mesospheric temperature Trends","volume":"41","author":"Beig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hauchecorne, A., Keckhut, P., and Chanin, M. (2009). Dynamics and Transport in the Middle Atmosphere Using Remote Sensing Techniques from Ground and Space, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9508-5_22"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ACH 1-1\u2013ACH 1-8.","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000421","article-title":"Interannual changes of tempera-ture and ozone: Relationship between the lower and upper stratosphere","volume":"107","author":"Salby","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1988)045<0329:TGGCMA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The GISS Global Climate-Middle Atmosphere Model. Part I: Model Structure and Climatology","volume":"45","author":"Rind","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Atmo Spheric Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1988)045<0371:TGGCMA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The GISS Global Climate-Middle Atmosphere Model. Part II. Model variability due to interactions between planetary waves, the mean circulation and gravity wave drag","volume":"45","author":"Rind","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2011.01.003","article-title":"An evaluation of uncertainties in monitoring middle atmosphere temperatures with the ground-based LIDAR network in support of space observations","volume":"73","author":"Keckhut","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"5368","article-title":"Characteristics of stratospheric warming events during Northern winter. Journal of geophysical research","volume":"121","author":"Maury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"12069","article-title":"Vertical distribution of gravity wave potential energy from long-term Rayleigh lidar data at a northern middle-latitude site. Journal of geophysical research","volume":"119","author":"Hauchecorne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardalan, M., Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., Wing, R., Meftah, M., and Farhani, G. (2022). Updated Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Inversions Detected by Rayleigh Lidar above Observatoire de Haute Provence, France, Using a K-Mean Clustering Technique. Atmosphere, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13050814"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063315","article-title":"Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes","volume":"294","author":"Baldwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD021191","article-title":"Troposphere-Stratosphere coupling: Links to North Atlantic weather and climate, including their representation in CMIP5 models","volume":"119","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3280","article-title":"The influence of the stratospheric state on North Atlantic weather regimes","volume":"144","author":"Ferranti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Soc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022JD036662","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JD036662","article-title":"Classification of stratosphere winter evolutions into four different scenarios in the Northern hemisphere","volume":"127","author":"Mariaccia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariaccia, A., Keckhut, P., and Hauchecorne, A. (2023). Classification of stratosphere winter evolutions into four different scenarios in the Northern hemisphere: Part B coupling with the surface. ESS Open Arch.","DOI":"10.22541\/essoar.168677219.93346533\/v1"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava, N., Mierla, M., and Zhang, J. (2021). Editorial: Space Weather Prediction: Challenges and Prospects. Front. Astron. Space Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2021.818878"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL011233","article-title":"The extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere model","volume":"27","author":"Beagley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087143","article-title":"Stratospheric memory and skill of Extended-Range weather forecasts","volume":"301","author":"Baldwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JAS3338.1","article-title":"The climatology of the Middle Atmosphere in a vertically extended version of the Met Office\u2019s climate Model. Part I: Mean state","volume":"67","author":"Osprey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3370150502","article-title":"Towards a consistent global climatological rawinsonde data-base","volume":"15","author":"Parker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-4-1965-2011","article-title":"An assessment of differences in lower stratospheric temperature records from (A)MSU, radiosondes, and GPS radio occultation","volume":"4","author":"Steiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6826(98)00139-4","article-title":"Stratospheric and mesospheric cooling trend estimates from u.s. rocketsondes at low latitude stations (8\u00b0S\u201334\u00b0N), taking into account instrumental changes and natural variability","volume":"61","author":"Keckhut","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-5531-2018","article-title":"LIDAR Temperature Series in the Middle Atmosphere as a reference data set\u2014Part 1: Improved retrievals and a 20-year cross-validation of two co-located French LIDARs","volume":"11","author":"Wing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6079","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-6079-2021","article-title":"Using a network of temperature LIDARs to identify temperature biases in the upper stratosphere in ECMWF reanalyses","volume":"21","author":"Marlton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariaccia, A., Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., Claud, C., Le Pichon, A., Meftah, M., and Khaykin, S. (2022). Assessment of ERA-5 temperature variability in the middle atmosphere using Rayleigh LIDAR measurements between 2005 and 2020. Atmosphere, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13020242"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10267","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD02464","article-title":"Validation of aerosol measurements from the halogen occultation experiment","volume":"101","author":"Hervig","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ACL 18-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001366","article-title":"Seasonal and longer-term variations in middle atmosphere temperature from HALOE on UARS","volume":"107","author":"Remsberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1029\/GL007i008p00565","article-title":"Density and temperature profiles obtained by LIDAR between 35 and 70 km","volume":"7","author":"Hauchecorne","year":"1980","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19001","DOI":"10.1029\/94JD01681","article-title":"Temperature minima in the average thermal structure of the Middle Mesosphere (70\u201380 km) from analysis of 40- to 92-km SME global temperature profiles","volume":"99","author":"Clancy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24813","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JA000323","article-title":"Retrieval and validation of mesospheric temperatures from wind imaging interferometer observations","volume":"106","author":"Shepherd","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-2993-2012","article-title":"Assessment of the quality of OSIRIS mesospheric temperatures using satellite and ground-based measurements","volume":"5","author":"Sheese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-749-2019","article-title":"A new MesosphEO data set of temperature profiles from 35 to 85 km using Rayleigh scattering at limb from GOMOS\/ENVISAT daytime observations","volume":"12","author":"Hauchecorne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(03)00590-8","article-title":"GOMOS on Envisat: An overview","volume":"33","author":"Tamminen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-20-0046.1","article-title":"Middle-Atmosphere temperature monitoring addressed with a constellation of CubeSats dedicated to climate issues","volume":"38","author":"Keckhut","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meftah, M., Clavier, C., Sarkissian, A., Hauchecorne, A., Bekki, S., Lef\u00e8vre, F., Galopeau, P., Dahoo, P.R., Pazmino, A., and Vieau, A.J. (2023). Uvsq-Sat NG, a New CubeSat Pathfinder for Monitoring Earth Outgoing Energy and Greenhouse Gases. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15194876"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022EA002763","DOI":"10.1029\/2022EA002763","article-title":"Mesospheric and Upper Stratospheric Temperatures From OMPS-LP","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10287","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD00516","article-title":"Stratospheric temperature measurements by two collocated NDSC lidars during UARS validation campaign","volume":"101","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1039\/b404256e","article-title":"Review of ozone and temperature lidar validations performed within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change","volume":"6","author":"Keckhut","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"SIA 15-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JA009430","article-title":"NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues","volume":"107","author":"Picone","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4174","article-title":"The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950","volume":"147","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020482","article-title":"OMPS Limb Profiler instrument performance assessment","volume":"119","author":"Jaross","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1117\/12.46658","article-title":"Network for the detection of stratospheric change","volume":"1491","author":"Kurylo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9983","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03791","article-title":"Validation of UARS Microwave Limb Sounder temperature and pressure measurements","volume":"101","author":"Fishbein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9583","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD00052","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) temperature retrievals","volume":"101","author":"Gille","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6826(02)00293-6","article-title":"Mesospheric temperature from UARS MLS: Retrieval and validation","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-4459-2007","article-title":"Geophysical validation of temperature retrieved by the ESA processor from MIPAS\/ENVISAT atmospheric limb-emission measurements","volume":"7","author":"Ridolfi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-35-2008","article-title":"Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based and space-borne measurements","volume":"8","author":"Sica","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-29-649-2011","article-title":"Rayleigh LIDAR and satellite (HALOE, SABER, CHAMP and COSMIC) measurements of stratosphere-mesosphere temperature over a southern sub-tropical site, Reunion (20.8\u00b0S; 55.5\u00b0E): Climatology and comparison study","volume":"29","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6703","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-6703-2018","article-title":"LIDAR Temperature Series in the Middle Atmosphere as a reference data set\u2014Part 2: Assessment of temperature observations from MLS\/AURA and SABER\/TIMED satellites","volume":"11","author":"Wing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23108","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD010743","article-title":"Cross-validation of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit and lidar for long-term upper-stratospheric temperature monitoring","volume":"113","author":"Funatsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"8172","article-title":"Regional and seasonal stratospheric temperature trends in the last decade (2002\u20132014) from AMSU observations","volume":"121","author":"Funatsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-5621-2020","article-title":"Intercomparison and evaluation of ground- and satellite-based stratospheric ozone and temperature profiles above Observatoire de Haute-Provence during the Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment (LAVANDE)","volume":"13","author":"Wing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD03494","article-title":"Evaluation of optimization of lidar temperature analysis algorithms using simulated data","volume":"103","author":"Leblanc","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11105","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD00631","article-title":"Comparison of stratospheric temperatures from several lidars, using National Meteorological Center and microwave limb sounder data as transfer references","volume":"100","author":"Wild","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020EA001321","DOI":"10.1029\/2020EA001321","article-title":"NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole-Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities","volume":"8","author":"Emmert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3803","article-title":"The ERA5 global reanalysis","volume":"146","author":"Hersbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(1993)010<0850:ACROTD>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Critical Review of the Database Acquired for the Long-Term Surveillance of the Middle Atmosphere by the French Rayleigh Lidars","volume":"10","author":"Keckhut","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-1829-2017","article-title":"Variability and evolution of the midlatitude stratospheric aerosol budget from 22 years of ground-based lidar and satellite observations","volume":"17","author":"Khaykin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.002765","article-title":"Rayleigh-scattering calculations for the terrestrial atmosphere","volume":"34","author":"Bucholtz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-625-2014","article-title":"High spectral resolution ozone absorption cross-sections\u2014Part 2: Temperature dependence","volume":"7","author":"Serdyuchenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-2837-2018","article-title":"Validation of ozone profile retrievals derived from the OMPS LP version 2.5 algorithm against correlative satellite measurements","volume":"11","author":"Kramarova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(03)00062-5","article-title":"Measurements of molecular absorption spectra with the SCIAMACHY pre-flight model: Instrument characterization and reference data for atmospheric remote-sensing in the 230\u20132380 nm region","volume":"157","author":"Bogumil","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5001","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-5001-2018","article-title":"Middle atmospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen trioxide in 2002\u20132011: SD-WACCM simulations compared to GOMOS observations","volume":"18","author":"Andersson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meftah, M., Sarkissian, A., Keckhut, P., and Hauchecorne, A. (2023). The SOLAR-HRS New High-Resolution Solar Spectra for Disk-Integrated, Disk-Center, and Intermediate Cases. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143560"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/20\/3878\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:16:15Z","timestamp":1760112975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/20\/3878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16203878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16203878","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]}}}