{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:30:12Z","timestamp":1760146212398,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Caves have long fascinated humanity, serving as shelters, canvases for artistic expression and now significant attractions in the realm of tourism. Among these remarkable geological formations, the Maltravieso cave in Extremadura, Spain, stands out for its rich archaeological and paleontological heritage, particularly its collection of Paleolithic rock art. Despite its cultural significance, there is a notable dearth of studies addressing the stability of the cave from an engineering perspective. This article presents a pioneering study aimed at assessing the stability of the Maltravieso cave through a multidisciplinary approach: using empirical geomechanical classifications such as the Q Index, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and the recently formulated Cave Geomechanical Index (CGI), alongside other techniques like Structure from Motion (SfM), 2D numerical modeling and 3D wedge analysis. This research aims to fill the gap in our opinion of cave stability assessment. By combining field data collection with sophisticated analysis methods, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the geomechanical properties of the Maltravieso cave and validate a simple yet effective methodology for evaluating the stability of natural caves. This work not only contributes to the body of knowledge regarding cave geomechanics but also underscores the importance of preserving these invaluable cultural and geological treasures for future generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16203883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T09:58:24Z","timestamp":1729504704000},"page":"3883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stability Assessment of the Maltravieso Cave (Caceres, Spain) Through Engineering Rock Mass Classification, Empirical, Numerical and Remote Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2982-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelmadjid","family":"Benrabah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, C\/Prof Aranguren s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Senent Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, C\/Prof Aranguren s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4501-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hipolito","family":"Collado Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Archaeological Department, DG de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Patrimonio Cultural, Junta de Extremadura: Avda. Valhondo, s\/n Edificio III Milenio, M\u00f3dulo 4-Planta 2, 06800 M\u00e9rida, Spain"},{"name":"Geosciences Centre Research Group (u. ID73-FCT), Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima\u2013Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Patrimonio & ARTE Research Group (HUM 009), Department of Art and Landscape Science, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Letras s\/n, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Chaves Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Archaeological Department, DG de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Patrimonio Cultural, Junta de Extremadura: Avda. Valhondo, s\/n Edificio III Milenio, M\u00f3dulo 4-Planta 2, 06800 M\u00e9rida, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-5647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Jorda Bordehore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, C\/Prof Aranguren s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-017-1216-0","article-title":"Stability Assessment of Natural Caves Using Empirical Approaches and Rock Mass Classifications","volume":"50","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rock Mech. 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