{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T13:13:26Z","timestamp":1775913206283,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42001375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA23040100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23040100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSZRHYKJ202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSZRHYKJ202202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42001375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001375"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA23040100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23040100"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["JSZRHYKJ202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSZRHYKJ202202"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["42001375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001375"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["XDA23040100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23040100"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["JSZRHYKJ202202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSZRHYKJ202202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Algal blooms, resulting from the overgrowth of algal plankton in water bodies, pose significant environmental problems and necessitate effective remote sensing methods for monitoring. In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite System\u2013Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has rapidly advanced and made notable contributions to many surface observation fields, providing new means for identifying algal blooms. Additionally, meteorological parameters such as temperature and wind speed, key factors in the occurrence of algal blooms, can aid in their identification. This paper utilized Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) data, Sentinel-3 OLCI data, and ECMWF Re-Analysis-5 meteorological data to retrieve Chlorophyll-a values. Machine learning algorithms were then employed to classify algal blooms for early warning based on Chlorophyll-a concentration. Experiments and validations were conducted from May 2023 to September 2023 in the Hongze Lake region of China. The results indicate that classification and early warning of algal blooms based on CYGNSS data produced reliable results. The ability of CYGNSS data to accurately reflect the severity of algal blooms opens new avenues for environmental monitoring and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16203915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T12:40:32Z","timestamp":1729514432000},"page":"3915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhancing Algal Bloom Level Monitoring with CYGNSS and Sentinel-3 Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuanggen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-2088-9","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Distribution of Water Environmental Capacity\u2014A Case Study on the Western Areas of Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, China","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. 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