{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T02:41:13Z","timestamp":1764470473428,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Third Integrated Scientific Expedition Project in Xinjiang","award":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Sciences Foundation of China","award":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Talent-Science and Technology Innovation Team","award":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative","award":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xjkk1403","U2003201","2022B03001-3","2022TSYCTD0006","2024PVB0064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Effective management of agricultural water resources in arid regions relies on precise estimation of irrigation-water demand. Most previous studies have adopted pixel-level mapping methods to estimate irrigation-water demand, often leading to inaccuracies when applied in arid areas where land salinization is severe and where poorly growing crops cause the growing area to be smaller than the sown area. To address this issue and improve the accuracy of irrigation-water demand estimation, this study utilizes parcel-aggregated cropping structure mapping. We conducted a case study in the Weigan River Basin, Xinjiang, China. Deep learning techniques, the Richer Convolutional Features model, and the bilayer Long Short-Term Memory model were applied to extract parcel-aggregated cropping structures. By analyzing the cropping patterns, we estimated the irrigation-water demand and calculated the supply using statistical data and the water balance approach. The results indicated that in 2020, the cultivated area in the Weigan River Basin was 5.29 \u00d7 105 hectares, distributed over 853,404 parcels with an average size of 6202 m2. Based on the parcel-aggregated cropping structure, the estimated irrigation-water demand ranges from 25.1 \u00d7 108 m3 to 30.0 \u00d7 108 m3, representing a 5.57% increase compared to the pixel-level estimates. This increase highlights the effectiveness of the parcel-aggregated cropping structure in capturing the actual irrigation-water requirements, particularly in areas with severe soil salinization and patchy crop growth. The supply was calculated at 24.4 \u00d7 108 m3 according to the water balance approach, resulting in a minimal water deficit of 0.64 \u00d7 108 m3, underscoring the challenges in managing agricultural water resources in arid regions. Overall, the use of parcel-aggregated cropping structure mapping addresses the issue of irrigation-water demand underestimation associated with pixel-level mapping in arid regions. This study provides a methodological framework for efficient agricultural water resource management and sustainable development in arid regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16213941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T09:07:04Z","timestamp":1729674424000},"page":"3941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of a Parcel-Aggregated Cropping Structure Mapping Method in Irrigation-Water Estimation in Arid Regions\u2014A Case Study of the Weigan River Basin in Xinjiang"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linze","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Tarim Populus Euphratica National Nature Reserve Administration, Korla 841000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1054-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Region, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Chenghu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"De Maeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9918-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenqi","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Zhanfeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Van de Voorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2012.08.003","article-title":"Impacts of land use\/land cover change and socioeconomic development on regional ecosystem services: The case of fast-growing Hangzhou metropolitan area, 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