{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:07:33Z","timestamp":1780463253821,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programme of China","award":["2021YFE0117100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0117100"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programme of China","award":["41971324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971324"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFE0117100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0117100"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41971324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971324"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of satellite data to estimate PM2.5 is an appropriate approach for long-term, substantial monitoring and assessment. To estimate PM2.5, the majority of the algorithms now in use utilize the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance or aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from scalar satellite data. However, there is relatively little research on the retrieval of PM2.5 using multi-angle polarized data. With its directional polarimetric camera (DPC), the Chinese new-generation satellite Gaofen 5B (henceforth referred to as GF-5B) offers a unique opportunity to close this gap in multi-angle polarized observation data. In this research, we utilized TOA data from the DPC payload and applied the gradient boosting machine method to simulate the impact of the observation angle, wavelength, and polarization information on the accuracy of PM2.5 retrieval. We identified the optimal conditions for the effective estimation of PM2.5. The quantitative results indicated that, under these optimal conditions, the PM2.5 concentrations retrieved by GF-5B showed a strong correlation with the ground-based data, achieving an R2 of 0.9272 and an RMSE of 7.38 \u00b5g\u00b7m\u22123. By contrast, Himawari-8\u2019s retrieval accuracy under similar data conditions consisted of an R2 of 0.9099 and RMSE of 7.42 \u00b5g\u00b7m\u22123, indicating that GF-5B offers higher accuracy. Furthermore, the retrieval results in this study demonstrated an R2 of 0.81 when compared to the CHAP dataset, confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of GF-5B for PM2.5 retrieval and providing support for PM2.5 estimation through multi-angle polarized data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16213944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T09:07:04Z","timestamp":1729674424000},"page":"3944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estimation of PM2.5 Using Multi-Angle Polarized TOA Reflectance Data from the GF-5B Satellite"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ruijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"},{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruizhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"},{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.10.1127","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases","volume":"295","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA J. 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