{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:58:56Z","timestamp":1779933536742,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFD1500103-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1500103-2"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["XDA28080501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28080501"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2017-000052-73-01-001735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000052-73-01-001735"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project for Black Soil Granary","award":["2021YFD1500103-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1500103-2"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project for Black Soil Granary","award":["XDA28080501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28080501"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project for Black Soil Granary","award":["2017-000052-73-01-001735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000052-73-01-001735"]}]},{"name":"Common Application Support Platform for National Civil Space Infrastructure Land Observation Satellites","award":["2021YFD1500103-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1500103-2"]}]},{"name":"Common Application Support Platform for National Civil Space Infrastructure Land Observation Satellites","award":["XDA28080501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA28080501"]}]},{"name":"Common Application Support Platform for National Civil Space Infrastructure Land Observation Satellites","award":["2017-000052-73-01-001735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-000052-73-01-001735"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of crop residues in farmland is crucial for increasing soil organic matter and reducing soil erosion. Identifying the regional extent of crop residue cover (CRC) is vital for implementing conservation tillage and formulating agricultural subsidy policies. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) and remote sensing images from 2019 to 2023 were used to obtain spectral characteristics before the maize seedling stage in Northeast China, followed by constructing the CRC estimation models using machine learning algorithms. To avoid the impact of multicollinearity among data, three machine learning algorithms\u2014ridge regression (RR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)\u2014were employed. By comparing the accuracy of these methods, the most accurate model was determined and applied to subsequent CRC estimation. Based on the estimated CRC and Conservation Technology Information Center definitions of tillage practices, the conservation tillage mapping was completed, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics were thoroughly analyzed. The following findings were demonstrated: (1) the PLSR-based model outperformed RR (Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.8875, R2 = 0.7877, RMSE = 6.99%) and LASSO (r = 0.8903, R2 = 0.7926, RMSE = 6.88%) with higher accuracy (r = 0.9264, R2 = 0.8582, RMSE = 4.93%). (2) Over the five years, the average no-tillage (NT) proportion in the study area was 15.9%, reduced tillage (RT) was 17.8%, and conventional tillage (CT) was 66.3%. In 2020 and 2022, NT rates were significantly higher at 27.5% and 15.5%, while RT were 15.7% and 30.0%, respectively. (3) Compared to the Sanjiang and Liaohe Plains (RT = 1907 km2 and 1336 km2, and NT = 559 km2 and 585 km2, respectively), the Songnen Plain exhibited higher conservation tillage rates (where RT was 3791 km2 and NT was 1265 km2). This provides crucial scientific evidence for the management and planning of conservation tillage, thereby optimizing farmland production planning, enhancing production efficiency, and promoting the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16213953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T12:04:22Z","timestamp":1729685062000},"page":"3953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating Maize Residue Cover Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in the Meadow Soil Region of Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3590-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaizeng","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewen","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cangming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingrun","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaishan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22822-8","article-title":"Effect of Tillage and Crop Residue on Soil Temperature Following Planting for a Black Soil in Northeast China","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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