{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:53:54Z","timestamp":1780433634108,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42001034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001034"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42207100"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51979106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979106"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023YFC3006602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006602"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["232102320019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102320019"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023nkzd02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023nkzd02"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42001034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001034"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42207100"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["51979106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979106"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC3006602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006602"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["232102320019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102320019"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023nkzd02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023nkzd02"]}]},{"name":"the Project for science and technology of Henan Province","award":["42001034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001034"]}]},{"name":"the Project for science and technology of Henan Province","award":["42207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42207100"]}]},{"name":"the Project for science and technology of Henan Province","award":["51979106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979106"]}]},{"name":"the Project for science and technology of Henan Province","award":["2023YFC3006602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006602"]}]},{"name":"the Project for science and technology of Henan Province","award":["232102320019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102320019"]}]},{"name":"the Project for science and technology of Henan Province","award":["2023nkzd02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023nkzd02"]}]},{"name":"the Belt and Road Special Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention","award":["42001034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001034"]}]},{"name":"the Belt and Road Special Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention","award":["42207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42207100"]}]},{"name":"the Belt and Road Special Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention","award":["51979106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979106"]}]},{"name":"the Belt and Road Special Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention","award":["2023YFC3006602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006602"]}]},{"name":"the Belt and Road Special Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention","award":["232102320019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102320019"]}]},{"name":"the Belt and Road Special Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention","award":["2023nkzd02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023nkzd02"]}]},{"name":"the Project for Collaborative Innovation Special of Zhengzhou","award":["42001034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001034"]}]},{"name":"the Project for Collaborative Innovation Special of Zhengzhou","award":["42207100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42207100"]}]},{"name":"the Project for Collaborative Innovation Special of Zhengzhou","award":["51979106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51979106"]}]},{"name":"the Project for Collaborative Innovation Special of Zhengzhou","award":["2023YFC3006602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3006602"]}]},{"name":"the Project for Collaborative Innovation Special of Zhengzhou","award":["232102320019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102320019"]}]},{"name":"the Project for Collaborative Innovation Special of Zhengzhou","award":["2023nkzd02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023nkzd02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Droughts in the Weihe River Basin are occurring more frequently and are becoming more intense. These events negatively affect industrial production, economic development, and ecosystems. Studying how vegetation changes in response to them is of practical significance. We report temporal and spatial trends in vegetation cover, use a copula function to analyze relationships between drought and vegetation cover, and assess the probability of vegetation loss in different drought scenarios. A vegetation index trends upwards from north to south in this basin; from 2001 to 2017, vegetation cover also trends upward in most areas, although it decreases in areas with high vegetation cover. An escalated susceptibility to drought has been observed in the southern and eastern sectors, where proximity to the riverbank correlates with heightened drought sensitivity, particularly in zones of intensified vegetation density. The probability of vegetation loss at the same vegetation loss preset point gradually increases with increased drought severity. These results will facilitate the formulation of countermeasures to prevent and combat the effects of drought on vegetation and land management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16213997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T07:04:04Z","timestamp":1730099044000},"page":"3997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Drought on Vegetation at Basin Scale: A Case Study of the Wei River Basin, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panpan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"Hennan Key Laboratory of Water Resources Conservation and Intensive Utilization in the Yellow River Basin, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihui","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingbo","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Water Conservancy and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315192, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huicai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Eco-Civilization Development for Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"},{"name":"Hennan Key Laboratory of Water Resources Conservation and Intensive Utilization in the Yellow River Basin, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-023-1148-7","article-title":"The insight of why: Causal inference in Earth system science","volume":"66","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-013-2875-5","article-title":"Loss of whole-tree hydraulic conductance during severe drought and multi-year forest die-off","volume":"175","author":"Anderegg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Xi, M., Wang, L., Li, N., Wang, H., and Qin, F. (2022). Vegetation Responses to Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activity in China, 1982 to 2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127391"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.05.213","article-title":"Grassland Coverage Changes and Analysis of the Driving Forces in Maqu County","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Study on the spatial pattern of spatial and temporal evolution of drought in the Yellow River Basin","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"115","article-title":"Drought mitigation research review and outlook","volume":"49","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2022.104768","article-title":"Climate change impacts on concurrences of hydrological droughts and high temperature extremes in a semi-arid river basin of China","volume":"2022","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154970","article-title":"A multi-metric assessment of drought vulnerability across different vegetation types using high resolution remote sensing","volume":"2022","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3822","article-title":"A CMIP5 multimodel projection of future temperature, precipitation, and climatological drought in China","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"156","article-title":"Impacts of vegetation on drought trends","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoubli, R., Abbes, A.B., Farah, I.R., Singh, V., and Sattari, M.T. (2020, January 2\u20135). A review of drought monitoring using remote sensing and data mining methods. Proceedings of the The 5th International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP\u20192020), Sousse, Tunisia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ATSIP49331.2020.9231697"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111291","article-title":"Remote sensing for drought monitoring & impact assessment: Progress, past challenges and future opportunities","volume":"232","author":"West","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ. Interdiscip. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/2014RG000456","article-title":"Remote sensing of drought: Progress, challenges and opportunities","volume":"53","author":"AghaKouchak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"3429","article-title":"Response of gross primary production to drought under climate change in different vegetation regions of China","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.178","article-title":"A numerical study on hydrological impacts of forest restoration in the southern United States","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50495","article-title":"Evapotranspiration amplifies European summer drought","volume":"40","author":"Teuling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-13-0130.1","article-title":"The impact of observed vegetation changes on land\u2013atmosphere feedbacks during drought","volume":"15","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leng, S., Huete, A., Cleverly, J., Gao, S.C., Yu, Q., Meng, X.Y., Qi, J.Y., Zhang, R.R., and Wang, Q.F. (2022). Assessing the Impact of Extreme Droughts on Dryland Vegetation by Multi-Satellite Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071581"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119579","article-title":"Assessing long-term trends in vegetation cover change in the Xilin River Basin: Potential for monitoring grassland degradation and restoration","volume":"349","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Characteristics of spatial and temporal changes in vegetation cover in Inner Mongolia, 2001\u20132010","volume":"67","author":"Mu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrh.2024.101689","article-title":"Drought analysis using normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature over Niamey region, the southwestern of the Niger between 2013 and 2019","volume":"52","author":"Almouctar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"11","article-title":"Vegetation coverage change and its influencing factors across the northwest region of China during 2000\u20132019","volume":"42","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158499","article-title":"Assessing the impact of drought-land cover change on global vegetation greenness and productivity","volume":"852","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-016-9119-8","article-title":"Weakening sensitivity of global vegetation to long-term droughts","volume":"61","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0630-6","article-title":"Increasing impacts of extreme droughts on vegetation productivity under climate change","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2019.05.046","article-title":"Assessment of meteorological and agricultural droughts using in-situ observations and remote sensing data","volume":"222","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.114356","article-title":"Spatio-temporal pattern of ecological droughts and their impacts on health of vegetation in Northwestern China","volume":"305","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.06.010","article-title":"Copulas-based bivariate socioeconomic drought dynamic risk assessment in a changing environment","volume":"575","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109428","article-title":"Effects of different types of drought on vegetation in Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin, China","volume":"144","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.130210","article-title":"Development of composite drought indices for the coastal areas of southeastern China: A case study of Jinjiang and Jiulongjiang River basins","volume":"626","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-023-04445-w","article-title":"Evaluating the duration, severity, and peak of hydrological drought using copula","volume":"152","author":"Gumus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7091","article-title":"Copula based analysis of meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought characteristics across Indian river basins","volume":"41","author":"Poonia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol. A J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7469","article-title":"Spatio-temporal analysis of copula-based probabilistic multivariate drought index using CMIP6 model","volume":"42","author":"Dixit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol. A J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Huang, S., and Huang, Q. (2019). Copula-Based Abrupt Variations Detection in the Relationship of Seasonal Vegetation-Climate in the Jing River Basin, China. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131628"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.13143","article-title":"Soil moisture response to rainfall on the Chinese Loess Plateau after a long-term vegetation rehabilitation","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhao, P., Zhang, Y., Cheng, L., Song, J., Fu, G., Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Lyu, S., and Qi, S. (2022). Long-Term Baseflow Responses to Projected Climate Change in the Weihe River Basin, Loess Plateau, China. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14205097"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.12.012","article-title":"The influence of hyporheic upwelling fluxes on inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the pore water of the Weihe River","volume":"112","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Eng. J. Ecotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"05023012","DOI":"10.1061\/IJGNAI.GMENG-8604","article-title":"The Dynamic Response Characteristics of a Water Transmission Pipe Crossing a Loess Fault Using a Large-Scale Shaking Table Test: A Case Study","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Geomech."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Li, M. (2003). Research on Remote Sensing Estimation Methods for Vegetation Cover. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chinese Academy of Sciences]."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"788","article-title":"The dynamics and main driving factors of coastal vegetation in Guangxi based on MODIS NDVI","volume":"37","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1007\/s40333-024-0059-2","article-title":"Response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities in the Shiyang River Basin of China during 2001\u20132022","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Arid Land"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1948","article-title":"Experimental analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics of fractional vegetation cover in Xinjiang","volume":"71","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., and Kleist, J. (1993, January 17\u201322). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, Anaheim, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-008-9305-1","article-title":"Assessment of Hydrological Drought Revisited","volume":"23","author":"Nalbantis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"67","article-title":"Evaluation of a hydrological drought index","volume":"23","author":"Nalbantis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Water"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-019-4524-8","article-title":"From meteorological droughts to hydrological droughts: A case study of the Weihe River Basin, China","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Xie, B., Huang, X., and Qu, B. (2022). The dynamic change of propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought at the basin scale: Acase study from the Weihe River Basin, China. Front. Environ. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1054975"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.10.029","article-title":"A copula-based joint deficit index for droughts","volume":"380","author":"Kao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"179","article-title":"Study on hydrological drought risk in Han River basin based on Copula function","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Water Conserv. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.18307\/2022.0423","article-title":"Copula-based probability analysis of hydrological drought in the Dongting Lake-basin-Yangtze River system","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lake Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Sklar, M. (1959). Fonctions de R\u00e9partition \u00e0 n Dimensions et Leurs Marges, Publications de l\u2019Institut de Statistique de l\u2019Universite de Paris."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.09.011","article-title":"Generic probability distribution of rainfall in space: The bivariate model","volume":"306","author":"Herr","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/wrcr.20063","article-title":"A bivariate mixed distribution with a heavy-tailed component and its application to single-site daily rainfall simulation","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-014-0978-0","article-title":"Maximum entropy-Gumbel-Hougaard copula method for simulation of monthly streamflow in Xiangxi river, China","volume":"29","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9473(02)00346-8","article-title":"Fitting bivariate cumulative returns with copulas","volume":"45","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput. Stat. Data Anal."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1993.10476372","article-title":"Statistical inference procedures for bivariate Archimedean copulas","volume":"88","author":"Genest","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1951.10500769","article-title":"The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit","volume":"46","author":"Massey","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/21\/3997\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:05Z","timestamp":1760113325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/21\/3997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16213997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16213997","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]}}}