{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:28:54Z","timestamp":1769729334558,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFC3004302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3004302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, disaster chains caused by glacier movements have occurred frequently in the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River in southwest China. However, it is still unclear whether earthquakes significantly contribute to glacier movements and disaster chains. In addition, it is difficult to measure the high-frequency and large gradient displacement time series with optical remote sensing images due to cloud coverage. To this end, we take the Sedongpu disaster chain as an example, where the Milin earthquake, with an epicenter 11 km away, occurred on 18 November 2017. Firstly, to deal with the cloud coverage problem for single optical remote sensing analysis, we employed multiple platform optical images and conducted a cross-platform correlation technique to invert the two-dimensional displacement rate and the cumulative displacement time series of the Sedongpu glacier. To reveal the correlation between earthquakes and disaster chains, we divided the optical images into three classes according to the Milin earthquake event. Lastly, to increase the accuracy and reliability, we propose two strategies for displacement monitoring, that is, a four-quadrant block registration strategy and a multi-window fusion strategy. Results show that the RMSE reduction percentage of the proposed registration method reaches 80%, and the fusion method can retrieve the large magnitude displacements and complete displacement field. Secondly, the Milin earthquake accelerated the Sedongpu glacier movement, where the pre-seismic velocities were less than 0.5 m\/day, the co-seismic velocities increased to 1 to 6 m\/day, and the post-seismic velocities decreased to 0.5 to 3 m\/day. Lastly, the earthquake had a triggering effect around 33 days on the Sedongpu disaster chain event on 21 December 2017. The failure pattern can be summarized as ice and rock collapse in the source area, large magnitude glacier displacement in the moraine area, and a large volume of sediment in the deposition area, causing a river blockage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16214003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T07:47:18Z","timestamp":1730101638000},"page":"4003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Activation of Ms 6.9 Milin Earthquake on Sedongpu Disaster Chain, China with Multi-Temporal Optical Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yubin","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Western China\u2019s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecological Geology and Disaster Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering in Surveying and Mapping, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqi","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-010-0222-z","article-title":"Rock Avalanches and Other Landslides in the Central Southern Alps of New Zealand: A Regional Study Considering Possible Climate Change Impacts","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3189\/172756504781829710","article-title":"The Kolka-Karmadon Rock\/Ice Slide of 20 September 2002: An Extraordinary Event of Historical Dimensions in North Ossetia, Russian Caucasus","volume":"50","author":"Haeberli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1130\/G47211.1","article-title":"What Drives Large-Scale Glacier Detachments? Insights from Flat Creek Glacier, St. Elias Mountains, Alaska","volume":"48","author":"Jacquemart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh4455","article-title":"A Massive Rock and Ice Avalanche Caused the 2021 Disaster at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya","volume":"373","author":"Shugar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-017-0039-7","article-title":"Massive Collapse of Two Glaciers in Western Tibet in 2016 after Surge-like Instability","volume":"11","author":"Leinss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-021-01691-9","article-title":"Rock Avalanche Induced Flash Flood on 07 February 2021 in Uttarakhand, India\u2014A Photogeological Reconstruction of the Event","volume":"18","author":"Martha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s12583-020-1059-6","article-title":"Deformation Kinematics of Main Central Thrust Zone (MCTZ) in the Western Himalayas","volume":"33","author":"Ahanger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-011-0348-9","article-title":"Aerodynamic Modeling of the Yigong Gigantic Rock Slide-Debris Avalanche, Tibet, China","volume":"71","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12583-022-1687-0","article-title":"Paleo-Earthquakes along the Zheduotang Fault, Xianshuihe Fault System, Eastern Tibet: Implications for Seismic Hazard Evaluation","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00373-x","article-title":"Landslide Detection, Monitoring and Prediction with Remote-Sensing Techniques","volume":"4","author":"Casagli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3189\/1992AoG16-1-168-172","article-title":"Identification of Glaciers with Surge Characteristics on the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"16","author":"Wenjing","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-23-3015-2023","article-title":"Early Warning System for Ice Collapses and River Blockages in the Sedongpu Valley, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2015.06.020","article-title":"The 2000 Yigong Landslide (Tibetan Plateau), Rockslide-Dammed Lake and Outburst Flood: Review, Remote Sensing Analysis, and Process Modelling","volume":"246","author":"Delaney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-014-0553-2","article-title":"Comprehensive Analyses of the Initiation and Entrainment Processes of the 2000 Yigong Catastrophic Landslide in Tibet, China","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s12524-021-01360-3","article-title":"Cause and Process Mechanism of Rockslide Triggered Flood Event in Rishiganga and Dhauliganga River Valleys, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India Using Satellite Remote Sensing and in Situ Observations","volume":"49","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Indian. Soc. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj1227","article-title":"Detection and Potential Early Warning of Catastrophic Flow Events with Regional Seismic Networks","volume":"374","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, H., Gao, Y., Li, B., Yin, Y., Yang, C., Wan, J., and Zhang, T. (2023). The Dynamic Simulation and Potential Hazards Analysis of the Yigong Landslide in Tibet, China. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15051322"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-9-557-2015","article-title":"Brief Communication: Contending Estimates of 2003\u20132008 Glacier Mass Balance over the Pamir\u2013Karakoram\u2013Himalaya","volume":"9","author":"Treichler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrmge.2022.11.001","article-title":"Geostructures, Dynamics and Risk Mitigation of High-Altitude and Long-Runout Rockslides","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Rock. Mech. Geotech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrmge.2022.04.003","article-title":"Characteristics and Dynamic Analysis of the February 2021 Long-Runout Disaster Chain Triggered by Massive Rock and Ice Avalanche at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2022.108549","article-title":"Characteristics of Rock-Ice Avalanches and Geohazard-Chains in the Parlung Zangbo Basin, Tibet, China","volume":"422","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-023-03374-2","article-title":"Risk Assessment of the Sedongpu High-Altitude and Ultra-Long-Runout Landslide in the Lower Yarlung Zangbo River, China","volume":"82","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-019-01168-w","article-title":"Landslides and Dammed Lakes Triggered by the 2017 Ms6.9 Milin Earthquake in the Tsangpo Gorge","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40623-019-1050-6","article-title":"Insight into the 2017 Mainling Mw 6.5 Earthquake: A Complicated Thrust Event beneath the Namche Barwa Syntaxis","volume":"71","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-022-05358-z","article-title":"Characteristics and Dynamic Analysis of the October 2018 Long-Runout Disaster Chains in the Yarlung Zangbo River Downstream, Tibet, China","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.3355","article-title":"Slope Failures and Erosion Rates on a Glacierized High-mountain Face under Climatic Changes","volume":"38","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9600","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6109600","article-title":"Remote Sensing for Landslide Investigations: An Overview of Recent Achievements and Perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Scaioni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avouac, J.-P., and Leprince, S. (2015). Geodetic Imaging Using Optical Systems. Treatise on Geophysics, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53802-4.00067-1"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.888937","article-title":"Automatic and Precise Orthorectification, Coregistration, and Subpixel Correlation of Satellite Images, Application to Ground Deformation Measurements","volume":"45","author":"Leprince","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-13-795-2019","article-title":"Extracting Recent Short-Term Glacier Velocity Evolution over Southern Alaska and the Yukon from a Large Collection of Landsat Data","volume":"13","author":"Altena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.02.023","article-title":"Inversion of Deformation Fields Time-Series from Optical Images, and Application to the Long Term Kinematics of Slow-Moving Landslides in Peru","volume":"210","author":"Bontemps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzanti, P., Caporossi, P., and Muzi, R. (2020). Sliding Time Master Digital Image Correlation Analyses of CubeSat Images for Landslide Monitoring: The Rattlesnake Hills Landslide (USA). Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12040592"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stumpf, A., Mich\u00e9a, D., and Malet, J.-P. (2018). Improved Co-Registration of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Imagery for Earth Surface Motion Measurements. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020160"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111498","article-title":"Quantifying the Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Dune Migration near Minqin Oasis in Northwestern China with Time Series of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Observations","volume":"236","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, C., Feng, G., Zhang, L., Shen, Q., Xiong, Z., and Liao, M. (2023). The Precursory 3D Displacement Patterns and Their Implicit Collapse Mechanism of the Ice-Rock Avalanche Events Occurred in Sedongpu Basin Revealed by Optical and SAR Observations. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15112818"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, C., Wei, C., Ding, H., Wei, Y., Zhu, S., and Li, Z. (2022). Inversion of Glacier 3D Displacement from Sentinel-1 and Landsat 8 Images Based on Variance Component Estimation: A Case Study in Shishapangma Peak, Tibet, China. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010004"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268367","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2023.2268367","article-title":"Failure Process and Three-Dimensional Motions of Mining-Induced Jianshanying Landslide in China Observed by Optical, LiDAR and SAR Datasets","volume":"60","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"GIScience Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2024GL108202","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL108202","article-title":"Glacier Retreat in Eastern Himalaya Drives Catastrophic Glacier Hazard Chain","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-019-01146-2","article-title":"Landslides Triggered by the Ms 6.9 Nyingchi Earthquake, China (18 November 2017): Analysis of the Spatial Distribution and Occurrence Factors","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-023-03423-w","article-title":"Massive Glacier-Related Geohazard Chains and Dynamics Analysis at the Yarlung Zangbo River Downstream of Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.07.004","article-title":"Monitoring Migration Rates of an Active Subarctic Dune Field Using Optical Imagery","volume":"113","author":"Necsoiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.05.018","article-title":"Glacier-Surface Velocities in Alpine Terrain from Optical Satellite Imagery\u2014Accuracy Improvement and Quality Assessment","volume":"112","author":"Scherler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayoub, F., Leprince, S., Binet, R., Lewis, K.W., Aharonson, O., and Avouac, J.-P. (2008, January 7\u201311). Influence of Camera Distortions on Satellite Image Registration and Change Detection Applications. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2008\u20142008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2008.4779184"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008GL035921","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035921","article-title":"Remotely Sensed Dune Celerity and Sand Flux Measurements of the World\u2019s Fastest Barchans (Bod\u00e9l\u00e9, Chad)","volume":"35","author":"Vermeesch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.07.033","article-title":"Landsat 8: The Plans, the Reality, and the Legacy","volume":"185","author":"Loveland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9059","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2924684","article-title":"Fast and Robust Matching for Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Registration","volume":"57","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Ayoub, F., Leprince, S., and Keene, L. (2009). User\u2019s Guide to COSI-CORR Co-Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation, California Institute of Technology."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird, T., Bristow, C., and Vermeesch, P. (2019). Measuring Sand Dune Migration Rates with COSI-Corr and Landsat: Opportunities and Challenges. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11202423"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, C., Feng, G., Li, Z., Shan, X., Du, Y., and Wang, H. (2016). Spatio-Temporal Error Sources Analysis and Accuracy Improvement in Landsat 8 Image Ground Displacement Measurements. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8110937"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leprince, S., Ayoub, F., Klinger, Y., and Avouac, J.-P. (2007, January 23\u201327). Co-Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr): An Operational Methodology for Ground Deformation Measurements. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2007.4423207"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-019-01311-7","article-title":"Retrospective Deformation of the Baige Landslide Using Optical Remote Sensing Images","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.11.003","article-title":"Combination of SRTM3 and Repeat ASTER Data for Deriving Alpine Glacier Flow Velocities in the Bhutan Himalaya","volume":"94","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.05.008","article-title":"Surface Reconstruction and Landslide Displacement Measurements with Pl\u00e9iades Satellite Images","volume":"95","author":"Stumpf","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.01.031","article-title":"Deriving Large-Scale Glacier Velocities from a Complete Satellite Archive: Application to the Pamir\u2013Karakoram\u2013Himalaya","volume":"162","author":"Dehecq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.04.004","article-title":"Improved Optical Image Matching Time Series Inversion Approach for Monitoring Dune Migration in North Sinai Sand Sea: Algorithm Procedure, Application, and Validation","volume":"164","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.03.042","article-title":"Use of Sentinel-2 Images for the Detection of Precursory Motions before Landslide Failures","volume":"215","author":"Lacroix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(01)00463-0","article-title":"Cenozoic Structural and Metamorphic Evolution of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (Namche Barwa)","volume":"192","author":"Ding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-023-02118-3","article-title":"Geomorphic Evolution of the Sedongpu Basin after Catastrophic Ice and Rock Avalanches Triggered by the 2017 Ms6.9 Milin Earthquake in the Yarlung Zangbo River Area, China","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-022-7376-8","article-title":"Comprehensive interpretation of the Sedongpu glacier-related mass flows in the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mt. Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/21\/4003\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:11Z","timestamp":1760113331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/21\/4003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16214003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16214003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]}}}