{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T23:52:28Z","timestamp":1774482748160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["206\/07.04.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206\/07.04.2022"]}]},{"name":"Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["577\/17.08.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["577\/17.08.2018"]}]},{"name":"Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["D01-27\/06.02.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D01-27\/06.02.2024"]}]},{"name":"National Science Program \u201cEnvironmental Protection and Reduction of Risks of Adverse Events and Natural Disasters\u201d","award":["206\/07.04.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206\/07.04.2022"]}]},{"name":"National Science Program \u201cEnvironmental Protection and Reduction of Risks of Adverse Events and Natural Disasters\u201d","award":["577\/17.08.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["577\/17.08.2018"]}]},{"name":"National Science Program \u201cEnvironmental Protection and Reduction of Risks of Adverse Events and Natural Disasters\u201d","award":["D01-27\/06.02.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D01-27\/06.02.2024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005992","name":"Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Bulgaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206\/07.04.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206\/07.04.2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005992","name":"Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Bulgaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["577\/17.08.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["577\/17.08.2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005992","name":"Ministry of Education and Science (MES) of Bulgaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D01-27\/06.02.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D01-27\/06.02.2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main idea of the present study is to investigate in detail the time evolution of the spatial inhomogeneities connected with the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm registered in the period of 10\u201311 May 2024. The obtained ionospheric anomalies represented by the relative deviations of the global Total Electron Content (TEC) data have been utilized in the analysis. The used global TEC data have been converted to a coordinate system with a modip latitude and geographical longitude. In addition to the maps illustrating the global spatial distribution of the geomagnetically forced ionospheric anomalies, a presentation of the observed longitudinal structures by sinusoidal approximation has also been used. The resulting positive and negative responses have been studied depending on the magnetic latitude, local times and the behavior of the geomagnetic activity parameters during the considered event. The interpretation takes into account the known mechanisms for the effect of the geomagnetic storm on the electron density. A special attention is focused on the differences in the two hemispheres at high and mid latitudes, where a simultaneous direct impact of the particle precipitation and the change in the temperature regime of the neutral atmosphere has been assumed. The low-latitude response as a result of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) associated with Disturbed Dynamo Electric Fields (DDEFs) and its relationship with local time has also been considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16214046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1730368656000},"page":"4046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Global Ionospheric Response During Extreme Geomagnetic Storm in May 2024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-6432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumiana","family":"Bojilova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Plamen","family":"Mukhtarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Pancheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography\u2014Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5771","DOI":"10.1029\/93JA02867","article-title":"What is a geomagnetic storm?","volume":"99","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. 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