{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:58:41Z","timestamp":1768697921564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Policy Research on Meteorological Soft Science Project of China Meteorological Administration in 2024 \u2018Study on Strategies for Enhancing the Supporting Capacity of Ocean Meteorological Services Based on Fengyun Satellites\u2019","award":["2024ZDIANXM08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDIANXM08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a novel precipitation estimation method based on FY-4B meteorological satellite data (FY-4B_AI). This method facilitates the spatiotemporal matching of 125 features derived from the multi-temporal and multi-channel data of the FY-4B satellite with precipitation data at stations. Subsequently, a precipitation model was constructed using the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) algorithm. A comparative analysis of FY-4B_AI and GPM\/IMERG-L products for over 450 million station cases throughout 2023 revealed the following: (1) The results demonstrate that FY-4B_AI is more accurate than GPM\/IMERG-L. Six of the eight evaluation indices exhibit superior performance for FY-4B_AI in comparison to GPM\/IMERG-L. These indices include the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE), correlation coefficient (CC), probability of detection (POD), and critical success index (CSI). As for the MAE, the results are 1.67 (FY-4B_AI) and 1.92 (GPM\/IMERG-L), respectively. The RMSEs are 3.68 and 4.07, respectively. The REs are 17.72% and 26.28%, respectively. The CCs are 0.44 and 0.36, respectively. The PODs are 61.84% and 47.31%, respectively. The CSIs are 0.30 and 0.27, respectively. However, with regard to the mean errors (MEs) and false alarm rates (FARs), FY-4B_AI (\u22120.88 and 62.85%, respectively) displays a slight degree of inferiority in comparison to GPM\/IMERG-L (\u22120.80 and 62.21%, respectively). (2) An evaluation of two strong weather events to represent the spatial distribution of precipitation in different climatic zones revealed that both FY-4B_AI and GPM\/IMERG-L are equally capable of accurately representing these phenomena, irrespective of whether the region in question is humid, as is the case in the southeast, or dry, as is the case in the northwest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16214076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1730377892000},"page":"4076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Artificial Intelligence-Based Precipitation Estimation Method Using Fengyun-4B Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nianqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Bowei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Suling","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Centre for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites\/Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CMA, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025418","article-title":"Ground validation of GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42V7 rainfall products over the southern Tibetan Plateau based on a high-density rain gauge network","volume":"122","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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