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Traditional detectors are vulnerable to background noise, lighting changes, and similar objects (e.g., clouds, steam, dust), leading to high false alarm rates. Additionally, they struggle with detecting small objects, limiting their effectiveness in early fire warnings and rapid responses. As real-time monitoring demands grow, traditional methods often fall short in smart city and drone applications. To address these issues, we propose FireNet, integrating a simplified Vision Transformer (RepViT) to enhance global feature learning while reducing computational overhead. Dynamic snake convolution (DSConv) captures fine boundary details of flames and smoke, especially in complex curved edges. A lightweight decoupled detection head optimizes classification and localization, ideal for high inter-class similarity and small targets. FireNet outperforms YOLOv8 on the Fire Scene dataset (FSD) with a mAP@0.5 of 80.2%, recall of 78.4%, and precision of 82.6%, with an inference time of 26.7 ms. It also excels on the FSD dataset, addressing current fire detection challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16214112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:52:54Z","timestamp":1730713974000},"page":"4112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["FireNet: A Lightweight and Efficient Multi-Scenario Fire Object Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yonghuan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"},{"name":"Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Age","family":"Sahma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3110576","article-title":"Privacy-Preserving Efficient Fire Detection System for Indoor Surveillance","volume":"18","author":"Jain","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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