{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:34:23Z","timestamp":1760146463286,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Key Project of \u2018New Generation Artificial Intelligence\u2019","award":["2020AAA0108200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020AAA0108200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To enhance the anti-interference capabilities and increase flexibility in frequency allocation between the lower and upper sidebands of the navigation signal, we introduce frequency-hopping binary offset carrier modulation with independent frequency-hopping patterns in lower and upper sidebands (IFH-BOC). This novel modulation is classified as a constant-envelope multiplexing (CEM) method, with independent frequency-hopping patterns for the lower and upper sidebands, in contrast with frequency-hopping binary offset carrier (FH-BOC) and binary offset carrier (BOC) modulations, which share the same patterns. IFH-BOC represents a generalized modulation that incorporates FH-BOC and BOC, thus retaining their advantages while introducing new characteristics, such as independent frequency-hopping pattern design and flexible spectral splitting. The results indicate that IFH-BOC maintains the same time\u2013frequency characteristics and measurement accuracy as FH-BOC when using identical modulation parameters, yet it demonstrates superior anti-interference performance due to its varied frequency-hopping patterns. Furthermore, IFH-BOC provides enhanced flexibility in spectral splitting compared with BOC modulation, potentially allowing for increased availability of L-band frequencies for satellite navigation. With these benefits, IFH-BOC is poised to be a promising modulation for the signal design of next-generation global navigation satellite systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16224151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T09:24:13Z","timestamp":1730971453000},"page":"4151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency-Hopping Binary Offset Carrier Modulation with Independent Frequency-Hopping Patterns in Lower and Upper Sidebands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2983-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University (XJTU), Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Jiangang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, China Academy of Space Technology, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiao Tong University (XJTU), Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Hengnian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics, Xi\u2019an Satellite Control Center, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3069271","article-title":"3D Mapping Database-Aided GNSS RTK and Its Assessments in Urban Canyons","volume":"57","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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